The Resilient City in World War II Urban Environmental Histories

The fate of towns and cities stands at the center of the environmental history of World War II. Broad swaths of cityscapes were destroyed by the bombing of targets such as transport hubs, electrical grids, and industrial districts, and across Europe, Asia

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THE RESILIENT CITY IN WORLD WAR II Urban Environmental Histories

EDITED BY

Simo Laakkonen, J. R. McNeill, Richard P. Tucker, and Timo Vuorisalo

Palgrave Studies in World Environmental History Series Editors Vinita Damodaran Department of History University of Sussex Brighton, UK Rohan D’Souza Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan Sujit Sivasundaram University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK James John Beattie History Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand

The widespread perception of a global environmental crisis has stimulated the burgeoning interest in environmental studies and has encouraged a range of scholars, including historians, to place the environment at the heart of their analytical and conceptual explorations. An understanding of the history of human interactions with all parts of the cultivated and non-­ cultivated surface of the earth and with living organisms and other physical phenomena is increasingly seen as an essential aspect both of historical scholarship and in adjacent fields, such as the history of science, anthropology, geography and sociology. Environmental history can be of considerable assistance in efforts to comprehend the traumatic environmental difficulties facing us today, while making us reconsider the bounds of possibility open to humans over time and space in their interaction with different environments. This series explores these interactions in studies that together touch on all parts of the globe and all manner of environments including the built environment. Books in the series come from a wide range of fields of scholarship, from the sciences, social sciences and humanities. The series particularly encourages interdisciplinary projects that emphasize historical engagement with science and other fields of study. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14570

Simo Laakkonen  •  J. R. McNeill Richard P. Tucker  •  Timo Vuorisalo Editors

The Resilient City in World War II Urban Environmental Histories

Editors Simo Laakkonen University of Turku Turku, Finland Richard P. Tucker University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA

J. R. McNeill Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA Timo Vuorisalo Department of Biology University of Turku Turku, Finland

Palgrave Studies in World Environmental History ISBN 978-3-030-17438-5    ISBN 978-3-030-17439-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17439-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, tradema