Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and its natural environmental impacts
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REVIEW
Coronavirus pandemic (COVID‑19) and its natural environmental impacts P. F. Rupani1 · M. Nilashi2 · R. A. Abumalloh3 · S. Asadi4 · S. Samad3 · S. Wang1 Received: 21 May 2020 / Revised: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the official name of a respiratory infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus that started first in Wuhan, China, and outspread worldwide with an unexpectedly fast speed. Flights have been canceled worldwide and transportation has been closed nationwide and across international borders. As a consequence, the economic activity has been stopped and stock markets have been dropped. The COVID-19 lockdown has several social and economic effects. Additionally, COVID-19 has caused several impacts on global migration. On the other hand, such lockdown, along with minimal human mobility, has impacted the natural environment somewhat positively. Overall carbon emissions have dropped, and the COVID-19 lockdown has led to an improvement in air quality and a reduction in water pollution in many cities around the globe. A summary of the existing reports of the environmental impacts of COVID-19 pandemic are discussed and the important findings are presented focusing on several aspects: air pollution, waste management, air quality improvements, waste fires, wildlife, global migration, and sustainability. Keywords Coronavirus pandemic · Environmental impacts · Air pollution · CO2 emissions · Economics
Introduction COVID-19, which is the new coronavirus causing uncommon pneumonia, outspread in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019 (Kavanagh 2020; Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). Since then, the national and international spread of the disease has threatened people’s lives all around the world (Wu et al. 2020; Zhou et al. 2020). The early cases of human infection with COVID-19 in Wuhan were associated with big seafood and live animal markets, which indicated the
transmission of the virus from animals to humans. Soon after, several people who had not been exposed to animals, were infected by the disease, which indicated the virus transmission from one individual to another. The disease spread was observed out of Chinese borders, almost in all countries over the world (Tahir and Batool 2020). According to official reports, human-to-human transmission is continuing nationally (Yang et al. 2020). Moreover, obvious community outspread to other regions is still occurring, which means infection of individuals without knowing
Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia. * M. Nilashi [email protected] 1
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
3
Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4
Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 B
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