COVID-19 pandemic and its positive impacts on environment: an updated review
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REVIEW
COVID‑19 pandemic and its positive impacts on environment: an updated review I. Khan1 · D. Shah2 · S. S. Shah2 Received: 5 June 2020 / Revised: 8 September 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract In December, 2019 in Wuhan city of China, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered global attention due to its rapid transmission. World Health Organization (WHO) termed the infection as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) after phylogenic studies with SARS-CoV. The virus causes severe respiratory infections with dry cough, high fever, body ache and fatigue. The virus is primarily transmitted among people through respiratory droplets from COVID-19 infected person. WHO declared this COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and since February, 2020 affected countries have locked down their cities, industries and restricted the movement of their citizens to minimize the spread of the virus. In spite of the negative aspects of coronavirus on the globe, the coronavirus crises brought a positive impact on the natural environment. Countries where the movement of citizens was seized to stop the spread of coronavirus infection have experienced a noticeable decline in pollution and greenhouse gases emission. Recent research also indicated that this COVID-19-induced lockdown has reduced the environmental pollution drastically worldwide. In this review, we have discussed some important positive impacts of coronavirus on environmental quality by compiling the recently published data from research articles, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and ESA (European Space Agency). Keywords COVID-19 · Air pollution · NO2 emission · Carbon emission · Ozone layer · Water quality
Introduction An acute respiratory infection of unknown origin was first reported in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China (Singhal 2020), called novel coronavirus infected pneumonia (NCIP) (Wang et al. 2020). Later on the pathogen was identified as a novel enveloped RNA ß-coronavirus, through the use of unbiased sequencing (Zahra et al. 2020), which was of similar phylogeny to SARS-CoV (Lai et al. 2020). On January 12, 2020, WHO named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (Lu et al. 2020a, b). On January Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia. * S. S. Shah [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College No. 2 Mardan, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
2
30, 2020, WHO announced this virus as a global pandemic (Zhang et al. 2020). On February 11, 2020, WHO named the novel disease as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) named this virus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) (Gorbalenya et al. 2020). The SARS-CoV-2 can affect the respiratory tract including nose, mouth, throat, sinuses and lungs (Wölfel et al. 2020). Human-to-human and hu
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