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ORIGINAL PAPER

Coupling agent‑modified corn stalk cellulose/used rubber powder composites Weili Wu1   · Fengyu Chen1 Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © The Malaysian Rubber Board 2020

Abstract Used rubber powder was reinforced by corn stalk cellulose to prepare corn stalk cellulose/used rubber powder composites, and the coupling agents 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH590), r-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), isopropyl dioleic (dioctylphosphate) titanate (HY101) and bis-(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (Si69) were used to modify the interphase between used rubber powder and corn stalk cellulose. The effects of corn stalk cellulose and coupling agent on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, interfacial morphology and structure of the composites were investigated, respectively. Results showed that the addition of corn stalk cellulose could effectively increase mechanical properties of the composites. Compared with untreated composites, the interfacial bonding between corn stalk cellulose and used rubber powder was significantly improved by the coupling modification treatment; while, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and compatibility of modified composites were further improved. On the whole, Si69 showed the best coupling modification effect, followed by KH590, then KH550 and HY101 in the case of coupling agent content, of which was all 6% of corn stalk cellulose content. Keywords  Polymeric composites · Interface · Corn stalk cellulose · Used rubber powder

Introduction As the automobile industry develops rapidly, used tyres have become an increasingly hot issue, and the used rubber can be re-used instead of rubber material, such as in road materials, and fields with low demand for rubber. Used tyres were modified in the form of rubber powder of various sizes to broaden its application field and used rubber powder became the new black gold [1–3]. It can be applied in building materials, road materials, modified asphalt and cement [4, 5], as well as for dam, roof waterproofing coating, building caulking, linoleum, and as an insulating filler in construction, such as thermal insulating material [6–8]. The used rubber powder is a thermosetting polymer with a certain amount of unsaturated bonds and losses some excellent properties of rubber, such as elasticity, toughness, wear resistance and anti-slip, so it has been widely used as a reinforcing material and filler [9–11]. However, its restricted use was due to poor * Weili Wu [email protected] 1



College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China

mechanical properties of the used rubber powder itself [12, 13]. However, it was found that the corn stalk contained a large amount of natural fibre, with high strength, low density, large specific area and length–diameter ratio. Further, the crack resistance effect of fibre can prevent tiny crack growths and spread inside the gelled material, so the corn stalk cellulose can not only be used to reinforce materials, but also has heat pr