Alkali and Intensified Heat Treatment of Corn Stalk for Bioethanol Production
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Alkali and Intensified Heat Treatment of Corn Stalk for Bioethanol Production Taposhi Rabeya1 • Farjana Jehadin1 • Mohammad A. Asad1 • Olubunmi O. Ayodele2,3 Abiodun E. Adekunle1,2 • Md. Saiful Islam1
•
Received: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract This study investigated combined alkali and heat pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for fermentative bioethanol production. Prior to fermentation, alkali pretreatment of corn stalk (CS) was carried out in NaOH solution under varying concentration which was followed by incubation at 100 °C for 1 h. The slurry of alkali-pretreated CS was supplemented with media and incubated at 30 °C, 96 h and pH 5. The 2.0% alkali pretreatment was most effective. Further optimization studies with filtrate and 5% inoculum size produced 43.8 g/L bioethanol. Chemical analysis of CS shows 61.75 and 71.49% degradation of hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, under optimal conditions. Structural changes of CS biomass monitored via scanning electron microscope showed that pretreatment with NaOH induced porosity and surface area disruption when compared to the untreated samples. Pretreated CS showed higher crystallinity index as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that alkalipretreated CS can serve as a potential feed stock for bioethanol production to reduce dependency on fossil fuel.
& Abiodun E. Adekunle [email protected] & Md. Saiful Islam [email protected] 1
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
2
Biotechnology Center, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Dugbe Ibadan, Nigeria
3
Nanoscience Department, The Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
Keywords Bioethanol Biofuel Fermentation Lignocellulosic biomass
Introduction World’s energy consumption is on the rise due to various factors: increase in population, improvement in standards of living, rapid urbanization and/or industrialization. With the current average growth rate of 1.3%, global energy demand is expected to rise by 30% by 2035 (Shahzad et al. 2019). Fossil fuels and their derivatives are the major sources of energy, and this comes with two main disadvantages: (1) it is finite and non-renewable, and (2) it causes severe environmental pollution and global warming (Hoekman 2009). In view of these, there is a need for research and development of environmentally friendly and renewable sources of energy. Liquid biofuel, an important renewable energy source, accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumption in the world (Mohd Azhar et al. 2017). There are various types of liquid biofuels among which bioethanol has been widely touted as key to successful transition into green and circular economy. Bioethanol can be readily obtained by fermentation of agricultural biomass, and when properly distilled, an anhydrous bioethanol can b
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