Cytokinins affect the akinete-germination stage of a terrestrial filamentous cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp. HK-01
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cytokinins affect the akinete-germination stage of a terrestrial filamentous cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp. HK-01 Shunta Kimura1,2 · Masatoshi Nakajima3 · Emi Yumoto4 · Koji Miyamoto5 · Hisakazu Yamane5 · Midori Ong6 · Kaori Tomita‑Yokotani7 · Tadao Asami1 Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 2 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cyanobacteria are distributed globally in the sea, fresh water, and land. Akinetes (dormant cells) of cyanobacteria are highly resistant to dry conditions, contributing to the survival of terrestrial cyanobacteria. However, the substances that regulate akinete dormancy and germination have not been elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of the phytohormone cytokinin (CK), on the germination stage of a terrestrial filamentous cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp. HK-01. In the cell suspensions of Nostoc sp. HK-01, isopentenyladenine (iP), isopentenyladenosine (iPR), cis-zeatin (cZ), cis-zeatinriboside (cZR), trans-zeatin (tZ), and a trace amount of trans-zeatinriboside (tZR) were identified, according to their retention times and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions, using high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Product ion scans also identified iP, iPR, cZ, and cZR. The present study established an isolation method for the dormant Nostoc akinetes, and then treated them with CKs. iP and tZ promoted the germination of akinetes, while cZ did not. S-4893, which is a CK antagonist, inhibited germination and the promotive activity of the applied iP. The results strongly suggest that cyanobacteria have a very similar perception system to plants, and that they regulate the dormancy and germination of their own cells and/or other cells via CKs. The production of CKs by several species of cyanobacteria was previously reported. However, this is the first investigation showing the role of phytohormones in the dormant cell physiology of cyanobacteria. Keywords Akinetes · Cyanobacteria · Cytokinin · Dormancy · Germination · Nostoc sp. HK-01 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00636-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Masatoshi Nakajima [email protected]‑tokyo.ac.jp 1
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
3
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
4
Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
5
Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
6
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
7
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Abbreviations BA Benzyl adenine CE Collision energy CK Cytokin
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