Novel Virus on Filamentous Arthronema africanum Cyanobacterium
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GENES AND GENOMES
Novel Virus on Filamentous Arthronema africanum Cyanobacterium Karel Petrzik 1
&
Jaromír Lukavský 2
&
Igor Koloniuk 1
Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Widely distributed in water environments and in soil, cyanobacteria are hosts of lysogenic or lytic bacterioviruses. A novel, probably lysogenic virus (phage) for which the name Arthronema africanum virus TR020 (Aa-TR020) is proposed, has been isolated from filamentous freshwater cyanobacterium Arthronema africanum. The virus formed turbid plaques on plate culture of A. africanum strain 1980/01 but not on other Arthronema strain and other bacterial species. The genome of Aa-TR020 is linear molecule of dsDNA, 44,805 bp in length with 216 bp long terminal repeats and with G + C content of 46%. Fifty-five genes organized on plus and minus strands were predicted there. The genome size, gene arrangement, and selected protein sequences showed relatedness to Phormidium virus Pf-WMP3 and other viruses known to infect cyanobacteria and classified in the family Podoviridae. Keywords Podovirus . Podophage . Complete sequence
Introduction Cyanobacteria comprise one of the most ancient groups of organisms on earth. They are Gram-negative photosynthetic microorganisms containing chlorophyll a. Cyanobacteria are primary producers and play crucial roles in food web dynamics around the globe. They live in a variety of soils and water, either freely or in symbiotic relationships with plants or fungi. Arthronema africanum (G.H. Schwabe) Komárek et Lukavský is a free-living filamentous, intensely blue-green cyanophyte (Cyanobacteria, Synechococcales, Pseudanabaenaceae) found in extreme conditions in the Sahara, Kuwait, Spain, and Nepal [1]. The A. africanum strain Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01599-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Karel Petrzik [email protected] Jaromír Lukavský [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
2
Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, Czech Republic
1980/01 deposited in the Culture Collection of Autotrophic Organisms (CCALA, Třeboň, Czech Republic) was purified from salt marsh from Kuwait, near the Persian Gulf coast. Despite the collection place’s proximity to the sea, no halophilous character of this strain was observed, and A. africanum was therefore recognized to be a freshwater cyanobacterium [1]. The 1980/01 strain is unique for its extremely high content of phycobiliprotein (constituting more than 30% of the dry biomass) [2]. C-phycocyanin isolated from this strain has shown antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo, thus making this strain promising for biotechnological purposes [3]. The first report of cyanovi
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