Cytotoxicological evaluation of copper oxide nanoparticles on green algae, bacteria and crustacean systems
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cytotoxicological evaluation of copper oxide nanoparticles on green algae, bacteria and crustacean systems B. Janani 1 & Dunia A. Al Farraj 2 & Lija L. Raju 3 & Mohamed S. Elshikh 2 & Noorah A. Alkubaisi 2 & Ajith M. Thomas 4 & Arunava Das 1 & S. Sudheer Khan 1 Received: 4 September 2019 / Revised: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been utilized in several industries including textile, consumer products, medical, automobiles etc. The discharge of industrial effluents in environment increased the probability of CuO NPs contamination in the ecosystem. Methods The present investigation used CuO NPs to determine the toxic effect on Lyngbya species, fresh water algae isolated from natural pond, bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and a crustacean species Daphnia magna. Results The NPs average diameter and zeta potential was estimated to be 45 ± 3 nm and 29 ± 1.78 mV respectively. The results showed that 0.1 µg/mL CuO NPs showed the growth inhibition of 47 ± 2% on Lyngbya sp. after 5 days of incubation. The CuO NPs also showed toxic effect to bacterial systems such as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and crustacean system D. magna. Further, there was an increased lipid peroxidation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in algal cells observed up on NPs exposure. The exposure of NPs suppressed the antioxidant defense system. The amount of glutathione was reduced after the exposure of NPs. Conclusion The study suggested the role of ROS in toxicity of algal and bacterial systems. The present study pointed out the potent toxicity of CuO NPs to the organisms present in the aquatic environment. Keywords Copper oxide nanoparticles . Toxicity . Oxidative stress . Green algae . Bacteria . Crustaceans
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00561-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. Sudheer Khan [email protected] 1
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, India
4
Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St Xavier’s College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram, India
Nanoscience attempts to study the nanoscale level objects and nanotechnology seeks to combine, alter and modify materials at this level [1]. Nanotechnology and nanoscience branch act as a bridge and connect in many fields including manufacturing technologies, medicine, electronics, pharmaceuticals and telecommunications [1, 2]. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were widely used in semiconductors, fillers, microelectronics, catalysts and cosmetics [3–6] and it increases the possibility of reaching these parti
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