Decellularization
The main components used for tissue engineering are living cells, a scaffolding system based on biomaterials, bioactive factors, and appropriate microenvironments that facilitate cellular behavior. A well-orchestrated combination of these components is of
- PDF / 995,411 Bytes
- 17 Pages / 504.567 x 720 pts Page_size
- 70 Downloads / 192 Views
Decellularization Taekmin Kwon and Kyung Hyun Moon
6.1
Introduction
The main components used for tissue engineering are living cells, a scaffolding system based on biomaterials, bioactive factors, and appropriate microenvironments that facilitate cellular behavior. A well-orchestrated combination of these components is of critical significance in creating engineered tissues or organs for the development of functional substitutes [1]. The principal function of a scaffolding system for tissue engineering is to provide a “template” to direct cellular behavior, which includes cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, and to maintain cell type-specific phenotypes [2]. Generally, three classes of biomaterials are used for tissue engineering purposes: acellular tissue matrices, natural polymers, and synthetic polymers [3]. Body organs are complex structures composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell ingredients. In the field of regenerative medicine, organs are decellularized, i.e., cellular components are removed to produce an acellular ECM, or decellularized scaffolds. The use of decellularized tis-
T. Kwon • K.H. Moon (*) Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea e-mail: [email protected]
sue matrices as scaffolds is very attractive, because naturally derived polymers and synthetic polymers are unable to replicate the precise spatial organization of complex structures. These biologic scaffolds made of ECM, typical in reconstructive surgery, are used in a variety of applications, including regenerative medicine strategies for increasing tissue and organ replacement [4]. In in vitro studies, relying on the bioreactor, researchers have examined the effect of these scaffolds on cell proliferation and organ structure. In in vivo implantations of decellularized scaffolds, the effect of the scaffold on promoting angiogenesis and regional regeneration was explored (Fig. 6.1). The clinical use of decellularized scaffold blood vessels has been documented for applications such as heart valves and renal bladder. Nevertheless, the current application is limited to anatomically simple organs, but will eventually provide the foundation for complex organ regeneration in the future. The use of decellularized scaffold in regenerative medicine has recently made a breakthrough. Despite variations in the organ to be fashioned and used, these scaffolds have a proven ability to promote regeneration. In this review, the most commonly used decellularization methods are discussed, and their effect upon the resulting ECM structure and composition is presented. We hope this discussion will provide useful information regarding the decellularization methods.
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 B.W. Kim (ed.), Clinical Regenerative Medicine in Urology, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2723-9_6
125
T. Kwon and K.H. Moon
126
a
b
c
Fig. 6.1 Schematic diagram of the liver regeneration hypothesis using decellularized scaffolds. (a) Partial resection of one he
Data Loading...
