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RESEARCH PAPER

Degradation of Reactive Dye in Aqueous Solution by Fenton, Photo-Fenton Process and Combination Process with Activated Charcoal and TiO2 Saurabh K. Patel1

•

Sunil G. Patel1 • Geeta V. Patel1

Received: 22 August 2017 / Revised: 15 February 2019 / Accepted: 17 May 2019  The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019

Abstract In the present work, a comparative efficiency of photo-Fenton (PF) treatment process and its combined process with activated carbon (AC) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been investigated using reactive yellow 145 as a model compound. These processes are based on in situ production of hydroxyl radical, a highly strong oxidant, which allows the degradation of organic dye until their mineralization into CO2 and H2O. The effect of different process parameters, such as initial dye concentration, pH of the solution, Fe2? concentration, catalyst and adsorbent loadings, and effect of various systems and irradiation times have been studied. The degradation of the dye was monitored by decolorization and COD analysis and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and IR analysis. Obtained results showed that PF combined with titanium dioxide (PF-TiO2) for removal of TOC was more efficient than PF or combination with AC. About 73.7% of TOC removal was obtained after 240 min of UV– F–TiO2 process, whereas the PF and UV–F–AC process yielded TOC reduction of 61.5% and 54.8% after 240 min. Mineralization studied reveals that effectiveness of treatment processes for RY145 is UV–F–TiO2 [ PF [ UV–F– AC [ F–AC [ F–TiO2. Keywords Reactive yellow 145  Photo-Fenton  Photocatalyst  Photodegradation  Mineralization

& Saurabh K. Patel [email protected] 1

Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India

1 Introduction Water is one of the essential substances needed to sustain life, but almost all the sources of water are accumulated with toxic compounds that entail serious environmental problems [1]. As the world’s population grows, our demand for clean drinking and irrigation water requires the development of concepts for an outright cleaning of wastewater [2]. Textile industries are economic backbone of developing countries. Around 8000 chemicals are used as dyes along with other 10,000 commercial products. The properties of textile dyes are required to be bright, visible even at low concentrations and resistant to light and chemical attack. Color Index (CI) classifies dyes into 25 structural classes, most notable of which are the azo dye classes [3]. The effluents from textile industries contain high organic materials; color depends on dyes of diverse structures and textile auxiliary materials utilized in dyeing, sizing, and after treatment process. If disposed off without proper treatment, the industrial textile effluents pose serious environmental and toxicity problems to microorganism and aquatic life [4]. Azo dyes are important colorants and are characterized by the presence of one or more azo group (–N=N–) and constitute the