Dependability of Networked Computer-based Systems

The measurement of dependability attributes on real systems is a very time-consuming and costly affair, making analytical or simulation modeling the only viable solutions. Dependability of Networked Computer-based Systems explores reliability, availabilit

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Ajit Kumar Verma Srividya Ajit Manoj Kumar •



Dependability of Networked Computer-based Systems

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Prof. Ajit Kumar Verma Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Powai, Mumbai 400076 India e-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Manoj Kumar System Engineering Section Control Instrumentation Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Trombay, Mumbai 400085 India e-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Srividya Ajit Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Powai, Mumbai 400076 India e-mail: [email protected]

ISSN 1614-7839 ISBN 978-0-85729-317-6

e-ISBN 978-0-85729-318-3

DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-318-3 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant Laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Dedicated to Our Parents Sri Kedar Prasad Verma & Smt Sushila Verma Sri B.C. Khanapuri & Smt Vibhavati B. Khanapuri Sri Gayanand Singh & Smt Droupdi Devi Our Gurus Bhagwan Sri Sathya Sai Baba Paramhansa Swami Sathyananda Saraswati Sri B. Jairaman & Smt Vijaya Jairaman Dr. C.S. Rao & Smt Kasturi Rao Our Teachers Prof. A.S.R. Murthy (Reliability Engg., IIT Kharagpur) Prof. M.A. Faruqi (Mechanical Engg., IIT Kharagpur) Prof. N.C. Roy (Chemical Engg., IIT Kharagpur)

Foreword

A compelling requirement in today’s context of the prevalent use of complex processes and systems in process and service industries, military applications, aerospace automotive and transportation, logistic, and other, is to maintain high dependability and security. The first casualty of integrated real time complex systems is dependability owing to an combinatorial like explosion of possible states, some with unacceptable probability levels and many unsafe states as well. The theoretical foundation f