Deposited Silver Nanoparticles on Commercial Copper by Galvanic Displacement as an Effective Catalyst for the Reduction
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Deposited Silver Nanoparticles on Commercial Copper by Galvanic Displacement as an Effective Catalyst for the Reduction of 4‑Nitrophenol in Aqueous Solution Reza Azadbakht1 · Saeid Menati2 · Hadi Amiri Rudbari3 · Mohammad Mahdi Keypour4 Received: 25 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Immobilization of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to improve recyclability is crucial for applications in nanocatalysts. Herein, silver nanoparticles were prepared on copper foil by immersing copper foil in the solution of silver citrate, containing an excess of citric acid. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The catalytic activity of silver nanoparticle on copper was studied in reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of excess borohydride. The catalyst can be easily recycled and showed excellent reusability as a conversion higher than 95% was achieved after 30 cycles. Thus, the preparation of nanoparticle aggregates on copper foil has been proven a feasible, straightforward, and effective protocol, which would facilitate the applications of Ag NPs in environmental control.
* Reza Azadbakht [email protected] 1
Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65174, Iran
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Department of Chemistry, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
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Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746‑73441, Iran
4
School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran 615314155, Iran
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R. Azadbakht et al.
Deposited Silver Nanoparticles on Commercial Copper by Galvanic Displacement as an Effective…
Keywords Silver · 4-Nitrophenol · Catalyst · Nanoparticles · Galvanic displacement
1 Introduction Silver nanoparticles have been investigated extensively to understand their physical and chemical properties during recent years, not only for scientific knowledge but also for technological applications. However, their applications usually suffer from difficult recovery and irreversible aggregation due to the high surface energy and large surface area [1, 2]. Immobilization of silver nanoparticles on a variety of supports including semiconductors [3, 4], metal oxides, [5] polymers, [6–10] and carbon materials has been proven capable of addressing these issues, [11, 12] and then broadening the applications within, for example, memory devices, [13, 14] photovoltaic cells, [15] and supercapacitors [16]. Moreover, the immobilization of nanoparticles on the supports can facilitate their reuse as a result of accessible separation from the reaction mixture, [17–20] and also provide them free of stabilizer. Nevertheless, weak interactions between silver nanoparticles and the supports give rise to the leakage, aggregation, [21] or poor distribution of nanoparticles [22]. In this regard, prepa
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