Depth Distribution of Bulk and Aggregate-Associated Manganese Oxides Mediated by Soil Chemical Properties in a Long-Term
- PDF / 1,665,436 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 108 Downloads / 175 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Depth Distribution of Bulk and Aggregate-Associated Manganese Oxides Mediated by Soil Chemical Properties in a Long-Term Fertilized Paddy Soil Christian Kofi Anthonio 1 & Huang Jing 2 & Han Tianfu 1 & Muhammad Qaswar 1 & Liu Kailou 3 & Du Jiangxue 1 & Muhammad Numan Khan 1 & Muhammad Abbas 1 & Sehrish Ali 1 & Lehlogonolo Abner Matelele 1 & Liu Shujun 2 & Liu Guangrong 4 & Zhang Huimin 1,5 & Chen Jin 4 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Fertilization regimes greatly influence how manganese (Mn) oxides are recycled. However, information on this subject is scarce in rice managed paddies. The objective of this study was to examine the distributions of Mn pools in bulk soil and aggregates under different chemical and organic fertilizer ratios at both surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) soil depths. Depth distributions of Mn pools in bulk soil and aggregates were extracted using Mehlich 3 (M3-Mn), dithionite (Mnd), oxalate (Mno), and pyrophosphate (Mnp) solutions under a long-term fertilization experiment in a double rice cropping system. Fertilizer treatments comprised unfertilized control (CK), mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), 30% mineral NPK + 70% organic fertilizer (30F; pig manure + milk vetch), 50% mineral NPK + 50% organic fertilizer (50F), and 70% mineral NPK + 30% organic fertilizer (70F) under a randomly complete block design (RCBD) in paddy conditions. A pattern of 30F > 50F > 70F > NPK > CK was established with positive and significant correlations among total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and pH. All pools of Mn were in higher concentrations at the subsurface compared to the surface layer, where all aggregate sizes contributed equally to the enrichment of the metal oxides except for Mno in the 0.25–2.0 mm sizes at the surface layer. Distribution of manganese oxides was equal among the different soil aggregates which could cause the microaggregates to transport Mn oxides and pollute both surface and underground water sources. Keywords Manganese oxides . Paddy soil aggregates . Depth distribution . Chemical properties
Christian Kofi Anthonio and Huang Jing contributed equally to this work.
1 Introduction
* Zhang Huimin [email protected]
Metal distribution is influenced by its origin, mineralogical, physiochemical, and edaphic characteristics of the soil (Bani et al. 2012). Knowledge about the form in which a metal exists reveals how the metal is distributed in its various chemical and physical forms, translating into complete understanding of its biochemical interactions and mobility mechanisms in soils (Tashakor et al. 2011; Islam et al. 2018, 2019). Manganese (Mn) is a heavy metal normally found in soils in the form of oxides/hydroxides (Habibah et al. 2014) and also listed among iron, zinc, and copper to be a critical micronutrient required for appropriate plant growth (Vukasinovic et al. 2015). Though Mn oxides commonly exist in the amorphous form, crystalline nature of the oxi
Data Loading...
