High-speed thermally tuned electro-optical logic gates based on micro-ring resonators
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High‑speed thermally tuned electro‑optical logic gates based on micro‑ring resonators Dias Azhigulov1 · Bikash Nakarmi2 · Ikechi Augustine Ukaegbu1 Received: 23 February 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work proposes electro-optical design of logic gates using micro-ring resonators (MRR). We achieve this through various combinations of MRRs. In order to modulate the rings, thermo-optic effect is utilized. The reported devices are completely CMOS-compatible and can be fabricated using existing technologies. We also provide static responses to explain the device working principles. By plotting dynamic response spectra, the performance of each device is examined. The proposed logic elements are able to operate at 0.4 Mbps. Keywords Logic gates · Micro-ring resonators · Silicon photonics · Thermo-optic effect
1 Introduction Nowadays silicon photonics has been drawing the attention of researchers around the world as a potential candidate to replace electronic devices. Optical solutions offer a number of advantages over their electronic counterparts such as high speed, low inter-channel crosstalk, low electromagnetic interference (EMI), ability to carry several signals at once, and reduced power consumption (Miller 2000; Haurylau et al. 2006; Shacham et al. 2008). For the past several decades, these useful properties were mainly utilized in the communication field to achieve ultrafast signal transmission (Caulfield and Dolev 2010). However, as recent discoveries show, optical devices are suitable for data processing as well. Some authors such as George et al. (2019) were able to design on-chip optical FFT by using delay lines. Additionally, standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) based * Dias Azhigulov [email protected] * Ikechi Augustine Ukaegbu [email protected] Bikash Nakarmi [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Nur‑Sultan, Kazakhstan
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College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
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fabrication is being increasingly applied in optical device design. Consequently, this demonstrates that the field of silicon photonics matures and indeed provides a potential solution beyond Moore’s Law. To successfully implement an optical processing unit, it is necessary to start from the smallest logic elements, that is, from logic gates. While it is possible to build all-optical logic gates by mimicking the transistor-switched circuits, they are inherently limited by the accumulation of delays from cascading the gates. Thus, in order to avoid this, it is recommended to apply the concept of directed logics introduced by Hardy and Shamir (2007). Directed logic is a paradigm shift that serves to utilize the full benefits of optics. Specifically, any operation here is performed using only one state delay since the input
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