Design, Installation, and Operation of a Heat-Integrated Distilled Water Pilot Plant with Internal Cooling Water Circula
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Design, Installation, and Operation of a Heat-Integrated Distilled Water Pilot Plant with Internal Cooling Water Circulation Cycle Emad A. M. Abdelghany 1,2 & Ibrahim Mustafa 2
&
Krishna P. Rajan 2
Received: 3 April 2020 / Revised: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract For hundreds of years, distilled water has been used in numerous important applications ranging from medicinal to steam ironing, but its production on pilot scale is still under research and development. Conventionally, pilot-scale water distillation units receive tap water and boil it to form vapors and then condensed the vapors to get distilled water. The cooling water to the condenser absorbs heat from condensing vapors and rejected as a hot water to drain. Thus, the amount of cooling water wasted at high temperature is significant. The design of a distilled water pilot plant that could minimize water wastage together with heat recovery is therefore needed. In this study, a pilot plant producing around 30 l/h of distilled water has been constructed so that part of hot tap water coming out from the condenser is sent to the boiler chamber. The other portion is cooled in a direct contact cooling tower with ambient air. A water makeup line is used to compensate water losses in the cooling tower. Process design calculations of major equipment were conducted, and the installation was carried out at our facility. The performance of individual equipment was carried out and found satisfactory. The quality of distilled water was checked and found meeting the international standards. The amount of tap water intake per kg of steam produced reduced significantly with a production efficiency of 92%. It is reported that the amount of water saved by using internal circulation line is significant. Keywords Tap water . Pilot plant . Distillation . Water recirculation . Equipment design
Symbols Q, W, H Ms Cpw T t U, ho, hi, hd A Db, do, di Nt, K1, n1
Units kJ/sec kg kJ/kg.K °C sec kJ/sec.m2.K m2 m Dimensionless
Kw z G MB KGa P Hy Hs a pA, pAs
kJ.m/sec.K m kg/s.m2 kg/kgmol kg.mol/sec.m3.Pa Pa kJ/kg kg water/kg dry air m2/m3 Pa
* Ibrahim Mustafa
Introduction Emad A. M. Abdelghany [email protected] 1
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, P.O. Box 61519, Minia, Egypt
2
Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Royal Commission for Yanbu Colleges and Institutes, P.O. Box 30346, Yanbu, Al Sinaiyah 41912, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Distilled or purified water demand around the globe is increasing steadily. This is because distilled water is being used in numerous applications (Table 1) in diverse fields of science and engineering. According to one report, the purified water industry was valued at US$ 185 billion in 2015 and is expected to reach US$ 334 billion by 2023 in USA, registering a 8.5% CAGR during the forecast period 2018–2023 [1].
Water Conserv Sci Eng Table 1 Distilled water usage Industry
Uses
Medical Automobile L
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