Detection and analysis of hemoglobin concentration in blood with the help of photonic crystal based micro ring resonator
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Detection and analysis of hemoglobin concentration in blood with the help of photonic crystal based micro ring resonator structure Uttara Biswas1 · Jayanta Kumar Rakshit1 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The hemoglobin concentration in the blood is a significant parameter in the field of medical diagnostics. In this article, a photonic crystal based micro ring resonator structure is proposed to analyze the hemoglobin concentration in blood. As the refractive index of blood possesses a linear relationship with the hemoglobin concentration, therefore the blood sample with different refractive indices can be analyzed to determine different hemoglobin concentrations. Here, the changes in the resonance wavelengths at the output port of the structure due to different blood analytes are verified using FDTD simulation method. The proposed structure possesses a high sensitivity of almost 700 nm/RIU or 2 nm/change in the hemoglobin concentration (g/dL). Keywords Photonic crystal · Micro ring resonator · Hemoglobin · Thalassemia · PWE method · FDTD
1 Introduction Analysis of blood have a keen role in the medical diagnostics for detection and forestalling of many hematological disorders that causes many non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, anemia and many others. Human blood is a complex fluid that contains four main constituents namely blood plasma, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells and platelets. Among the all constituents RBCs are considered as the most abundant cells in blood as it accounts almost 40% to 45% of blood volume (Zhernovaya et al. 2011) and also for the special protein contained in it namely Hemoglobin (Hb). The concentration of Hb in the RBC is a significant parameter in the medical diagnostics as Hb gives the supply of oxygen from the lungs to the throughout the body and returns the carbon-di-oxide to the lungs. The deficiency in the Hb concentration may lead to many diseases like anemia, thalassemia and so on. For this reason, the
* Jayanta Kumar Rakshit [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura 799046, India
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detection of Hb in the blood are the most important parameter in the blood analysis and are gaining more attention nowadays. The conventional methods used in the laboratories for the analysis of blood are very tiresome and very much time consuming because in the conventional methods the blood samples needs to be collected properly and then needs to be preserved and also time taken for the analysis ranges from 12 to 72 h (Arunkumar et al. 2019). As compared to the conventional methods, the optical bio sensing methods requires much less time and very small amount of blood samples are required for the analysis. In the optical bio sensing, the photonic crystals (PhC) based structures hav
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