Mono-Rectangular Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (MRC-PCF) for Skin and Blood Cancer Detection
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Mono‑Rectangular Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (MRC‑PCF) for Skin and Blood Cancer Detection Mahmoud M. A. Eid1 · Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed2 · Abdullah Al‑Mamun Bulbul3,4 · Etu Podder4 Received: 25 July 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper reports a novel approach for the efficient detection of blood and skin cancerous cells using PCF-based sensor. The proposed sensor contains an asymmetrical arrangement of rectangular holes where the core region is composed of a single rectangle. Zeonex is used as the fiber substance. The model is structured and numerically analyzed using the finite element method (FEM)-based software. The simulation of the proposed model validates its efficiency in cancer cell detection. Several performance parameters suggest that the proposed sensor attains optimum results at 2.0 THz. At this point, the sensitivities achieved in detecting blood cancer cells, normal cell (Jurkat), skin cancer cell, normal cell (basal), and water are 96.74, 96.56, 96.61, 96.34, and 95.69%, respectively. Besides, simulation results also suggest that the material and confinement loss are very low for this proposed sensor. Additionally, the simple rectangle-based model provides the ease of fabrication introducing prevailing strategies. Keywords Mono rectangular configuration · PCF · Skin cancer detection · Blood cancer detection
Introduction Cancer is one of the deadliest public health issues worldwide. It is the abandoned outgrowth of abnormal cells inside the body. The unbounded development of cancer cells causes the malfunction of the body mechanisms leading to death. At * Abdullah Al‑Mamun Bulbul [email protected]; [email protected] Mahmoud M. A. Eid [email protected] Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed [email protected] Etu Podder [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
2
Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32951, Egypt
3
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
4
Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
present, cancer has become the world’s second most common reason for death. This type of unrestrained growth of cells is collaborative consequence from high contact with toxic substances, radiating sources, and fungal stuffs, high alcohol drinking, fatty health, imbalanced diet, physical inactiveness, deficiency of nutrition, etc. [1]. Skin cancer and blood cancer are two major types of most recurrent cancers. Skin cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers nowadays and it is growing globally. In the USA, above 9.5 thousand individuals are investigated with skin cancer daily, where likewise 2 people died in every hour [2]. On the other hand, blood cancer constitutes
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