Detection of Malachite Green in Water Using Edge Excited Label Free Fluorescent Probe NCQDs
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Detection of Malachite Green in Water Using Edge Excited Label Free Fluorescent Probe NCQDs Ranjana Singh 1 & Ranjan K. Singh 1 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The fluorescent properties of nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) prepared through microwave assisted green method has been used as label free fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of malachite green (MG) in water. The optical responses revealed that the NCQDs are highly stable and have good fluorescent quantum yield. The NCQDs were used to detect the Malchite Green in Mili Q water. Reduction in the fluorescence response was monitored in the range 17.12–128.43 μM of MG dissolved in Mili Q water. Linear response was observed in the range, 10–80 μM. The calculated value of limit of detection is 5.16 μM and the sensitivity is (0.03536 ± 0.00001) μM−1. The future application of this work is that it can be employed to detect MG in the tap water and other natural sources of water. Keywords Malchite green . Fluorescence . Limit of detection . NCQDs
Introduction Malachite green, hereafter termed as (MG); is a basic dye consisting of triarylmethane group. It has tremendous applications in many industries such as textile, aquaculture, biocide, silk, leather, paper etc. MG has also effective properties against inactivation of parasites like bacteria and fungus. Besides its wide applications in various fields, harmful and adverse effects of this widely used dye cannot be ignored as it is hazardous and a well known carcinogenesis compound [1, 2]. The release of MG in water creates severe water pollution and toxicity to the aquatic ecosystem [1, 2]. Intake of MG has been reported to affect adversely the human liver, spleen, kidney and fertility rate [1–3]. It can cause irritation to the gastrointestinal tract, which has the symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in human beings. It is also considered as a mutagen in microorganisms. It produces hazardous products like carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides when heated to decompose [4]. Food safety and * Ranjana Singh [email protected] * Ranjan K. Singh [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
environmental issues require fabrication of rapid, selective, cost-effective and sensitive sensors with good stability for the detection of trace amount toxins in food and pollutants in water [5–7]. Chromatography based methods [8–11], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [12–14], electrochemical methods [15–18], spectroscopic techniques [19–25] can be used for the detection of trace amount of MG. Some of these techniques have been reported for the trace amount detection of MG. In our previous report we had prepared nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) through microwave assisted green method [21]. It was characterized using different techniques like transmission electron micros
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