Green synthesis of carbon nanodots as an effective fluorescent probe for sensitive and selective detection of mercury(II
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BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Green synthesis of carbon nanodots as an effective fluorescent probe for sensitive and selective detection of mercury(II) ions Wenbo Lu • Xiaoyun Qin • Abdullah M. Asiri Abdulrahman O. Al-Youbi • Xuping Sun
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Received: 30 August 2012 / Accepted: 28 November 2012 / Published online: 11 December 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract The present communication reports on the use of sweet potatoes as carbon source for green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) ranging from 1 to 3 nm. We further demonstrate the use of such CNDs as a very effective fluorescent probe for label-free, sensitive, and selective detection of Hg2? with a detection limit as low as 1 nM. The feasibility of the CNDs for analysis of Hg2? in a real water sample is also demonstrated successfully. Keywords Green Photoluminescent Carbon nanodots Sweet potatoes Hg2? detection
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11051-012-1344-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. W. Lu X. Qin X. Sun (&) Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] A. M. Asiri A. O. Al-Youbi X. Sun Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia A. M. Asiri A. O. Al-Youbi X. Sun Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Introduction Mercury(II) ion (Hg2?) is ranked among the highly toxic heavy metal ions and recognized as one of the most dangerous and ubiquitous pollutants (Renzoni et al. 1998). Its contamination comes from a variety of natural sources and human activities (Harris et al. 2003). The estimated annual release amount by the United Nations Environment Programme is about 4,400–7,500 metric tons (Liu and Lu 2007). Hg2? can easily pass through skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tissues into the human body and damage the central nervous and endocrine systems, posing a severe risk to human health (Gutknecht 1981). Therefore, considerable attention has been paid to develop effective analytical methods for sensitive and selective detection of Hg2?. Methods currently available for detecting Hg2? include atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and polarography (Leopold et al. 2010). These elementspecific detectors are usually coupled with sophisticated instrumentation and/or sample preparation and are rather time-consuming, and costly, as well as not being appropriate for practical applications. Alternative of optical sensing systems for the detection of Hg2? can also be based on fluorescence assay due to its high sensitivity, fast analysis, and being non-sampledestructing or less cell-damaging (Gong et al. 2012). So far, many fluorescent prob
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