Detection of Three Different Estrogens in Milk Employing SPR Sensors Based on Double Signal Amplification Using Graphene
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Detection of Three Different Estrogens in Milk Employing SPR Sensors Based on Double Signal Amplification Using Graphene Lijie Qu 1,2,3 & Jialei Bai 2 & Yuan Peng 2 & Dianpeng Han 2 & Baoan Ning 2 & Huanying Zhou 2 & Shuang Li 2
& Zhixian Gao
1,2
Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A double signal enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor system was developed, which involved graphene-based magnetic dispersion solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) and carboxylated graphene oxide (GO-COOH) materials as amplifying elements in order to achieve real-time determinations of estradiol (E2), diethylstilboestrol (DES), and bisphenol A (BPA) via an indirect competition method. In this work, the graphene-based MDSPE materials were synthesized using the chemical coprecipitation method, with a maximum enrichment efficiency of 500 times. To improve the detection sensitivity, the complete antigen (E2-BSA, DES-BSA, and BPA-BSA) was conjugated on the GO-COOH-modified gold chips for signal amplification. Furthermore, the GO-COOH materials could also significantly improve the performance and stability of the immobilized E2BSA, DES-BSA, or BPA-BSA conjugations. Real-time SPR signals were obtained while mixing the targets (E2, DES, BPA) with anti-target monoclonal antibodies (E2-mAb, DES-mAb, BPA-mAb) at a 1:1 volume ratio. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the minimum detection limits (LOD) of E2, DES, and BPA were 3.605 × 10−6 ng/mL, 2.901 × 10−6 ng/mL, and 5.169 × 10−5 ng/mL, respectively. This simple, accurate, and stable method combined the advantages of two types of graphene materials to simplify the complicated pre-treatment and detection procedures. This study demonstrates a presumable and general method for detecting estrogen-like small molecules in the environment and in food. Keywords Graphene . Signal amplification . Estrogen-like compounds . MDSPE . SPR biosensor
Introduction Residual estrogen-like compounds in milk pose a potential long-term hazard to human health (Li et al. 2019). It has been reported that the effect of endogenous hormones at deficient concentrations leads to adverse effects, such as reproductive Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-020-01852-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shuang Li [email protected] * Zhixian Gao [email protected] 1
College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
2
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
3
Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food of Hebei Province, Hebei North University, No. 11 South Diamond Road, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
issues, oxidative stress, chronic diseases, and various types of
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