Determination of Pyrolysis Kinetics of Cellulose and Lignin Fractions Isolated from Selected Turkish Biomasses
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Determination of Pyrolysis Kinetics of Cellulose and Lignin Fractions Isolated from Selected Turkish Biomasses Levent Ballice1
1 · Mithat Yüksel1 · Murat Sert1 · Mehmet Saglam ˘
Received: 14 November 2019 / Accepted: 26 April 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract The pyrolysis behavior of Turkish biomass samples such as hazelnut shell, almond shell, and sunflower stalk residue was studied using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) laboratory-scale setup. Biomass samples were characterized using the standard method of the Van Soest detergent analysis, and both the virgin biomass and fractions were investigated. The reaction temperature was increased to 900 °C with a heating rate range between 2 and 60 °C min−1 in the TGA experiments. Seven solid-state reaction models were applied to evaluate the obtained experimental TGA results. The heating rate was not the only parameter affecting the values of activation energy and the ratio of the main components such as the cellulose and lignin of the virgin biomass samples (almond shell, sunflower stalk, and hazelnut shell) also affected the value of the activated energy values. It was determined that a model fitting mechanism gives limited information to determine the exact activation energy values for the samples. The reaction order model provided straightforward and decisive results for all the biomass and lignin samples. Models of two- and three-dimensional diffusion were better suitable for the cellulose devolatilization. It was also determined that the activation energy of the lignin samples was similar regardless of the types of biomass. According to the kinetic calculations, the cellulose samples showed the highest activation energy values and the lignin samples had the lowest. Keywords Biomass · Lignin · Cellulose · Activation energy · Pyrolysis · Kinetics
1 Introduction Due to a shortage of fossil fuels and the environmental effect of greenhouse gasses on climate changes, a newfound attention has been focused on alternative energy sources and biomass is an important energy source in this respect. The global energy needs in cities is increasing considerably and biomass resources are becoming increasingly important because of the economic potential and huge amount of the annual volumes of agricultural waste that can be used as a source of energy [1]. Biomass consists of lignocellulosic material produced through plant growth and can originate from natural regrowth forests, plantation forestry, annual field crops, algae production, or from residues of any of the above. Besides, it can also be derived from industrial processes, such as municipal waste, or land clearing operations.
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Levent Ballice [email protected] Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, ˙Izmir, Turkey
Convenient forms of energy from biomasses can be in the form of heat, power, and liquid, solid, and gaseous fuels [2]. The unedible parts of agricultural wastes can be converted
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