Determination of Selected Polychlorinated Dibenzo- p -dioxins/Furans in Marine Sediments by the Application of Gas-Chrom
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Determination of Selected Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/ Furans in Marine Sediments by the Application of GasChromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Maurizio Guidotti • Carmela Protano • Carola Dominici • Salvatore Chiavarini Nicola Cimino • Matteo Vitali
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Received: 18 September 2012 / Accepted: 27 December 2012 / Published online: 13 January 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Selected polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were detected by gas-chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS/MS) in marine sediments collected in central Italy. Total PCDD/Fs concentrations ranged from 11.58 to 193.29 pg/g d.w., with PCDFs as the major contributors in most cases. The congener profiles were characterized by high OCDD (70.7 %–91.4 %). The PCDD/Fs values are within or close to the Environmental Canada sediment reference values (0.85 pg TEQ/g d.w.). GC-QqQ-MS/MS can be a suitable alternative to standard methods for PCDD/Fs determination in environmental
M. Guidotti C. Dominici Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, via Salaria per L’Aquila 88, 02100 Rieti, Italy e-mail: [email protected] C. Dominici e-mail: [email protected] C. Protano M. Vitali (&) Environmental Chemistry, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy e-mail: [email protected] C. Protano e-mail: [email protected] S. Chiavarini ENEA C.R. Casaccia, via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy e-mail: [email protected] N. Cimino Agilent Technologies Italia S.p.A., via Vincenzo Lamaro, 43, 00173 Rome, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
samples. The measured PCDD/Fs amounts could be considered as a basis for future monitoring programs. Keywords Dioxins Furans Marine sediments Gas-chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a group of 210 well-known environmental pollutants, both classified in the list of the 12 priority Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm agreement list (United Nations Environment Programme 2001). Among the 210 chemicals, 17 congeners 2,3,7,8substituted (seven PCDDs and ten PCDFs) are generally considered to have high persistence in the environment and appreciable toxicity for humans and biota, as they have toxic properties similar to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin (TCDD) (Berg et al. 1998). Thus, trace-level determination of the 17 congeners 2,3,7,8-substituted is the topic of major interest in environmental monitoring plans. A relevant topic in the monitoring of PCDD/Fs is the debate about the environmental samples used. It is generally accepted that sediments constitute a sink for numerous hydrophobic compounds, including PCDD/Fs. Once in the water column, sedimentation processes occur that lead PCDD/Fs to accumulate in surface sediments. These sediments can be successfully used
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