Recent advances in the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls
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(2020) 36:145
REVIEW
Recent advances in the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls Yun Xiang1 · Ziyu Xing1 · Juan Liu2 · Wei Qin2 · Xing Huang1 Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 22 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are typical lasting organic pollutants. Persistence and recalcitrance to biodegradation of PCBs have hampered the transformation of PCB congeners from the environment. Biological transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls could take place through anaerobic dechlorination, aerobic microbial degradation, and a combination of transformation of anaerobic dechlorination and aerobic degradation. Under anaerobic conditions, microbial dechlorination is an important degradation mode for PCBs, especially high-chlorinated congeners. The low-chlorinated compounds formed after reductive dechlorination could be further aerobically degraded and completely mineralized. This paper reviews the recent advances in biological degradation of PCBs, introduces the functional bacteria and enzymes involved in the anaerobic and aerobic degradation of PCBs, and discusses the synergistic action of anaerobic reduction and aerobic degradation. In addition, the different ways to the microbial remediation of PCBs-contaminated environments are discussed. This review provides a theoretical foundation and practical basis to use PCBs-degrading microorganisms for bioremediation. Keywords Polychlorinated biphenyls · Biodegradation · Anaerobic dechlorination · Functional bacteria
Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chlorinated organic compounds in which the hydrogen atoms in biphenyls are replaced by one or more chlorine atoms. PCBs are often widely used in industrial, commercial, and agricultural fields because of their excellent physical and chemical properties (Jahnke and Hornbuckle 2019). However, environmental and health issues caused by PCBs obsolescence and leakage are increasing due to the widespread use of commercial PCB mixtures (Warenik-Bany et al. 2019; Frederiksen et al. 2020). PCBs can do damage to the health of organisms and even trigger cancer, according to various human and animal studies (Tomza-Marciniak et al. 2019; Klocke and Lein 2020). Bioremediation is a green economy and promising remediation technology that can make up for the shortcomings of physical and chemical remediation technologies (Lehtinen * Xing Huang [email protected] 1
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
Forestry and Horticulture College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, People’s Republic of China
2
et al. 2014). Microorganisms are an important part in the remediation of the PCBs-polluted environment. Bacterial degradation of PCB congeners could occur through anaerobic reductive dechlorination, aerobic metabolic degradation (bacterial co-metabolism or bacterial growth on PCBs as sole carbon and energy source), or the coupling of anaerobic dechlorination and aerobic degradation (Field and Si
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