Developing fire-retardant and water-repellent bio-structural panels using nanocellulose
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Research Letter
Developing fire-retardant and water-repellent bio-structural panels using nanocellulose Nadir Yildirim, Bursa Technical University, 16310 Bursa, Turkey Address all correspondence to Nadir Yildirim at [email protected] (Received 23 January 2018; accepted 28 February 2018)
Abstract The fire-retardant and water-repellent bio-structural panels (BISPs) were successfully developed using cellulose nanofibrils, corn starch, boric acid, and n-dodecenyl succinic anhydride with adhesive-free character. Its performance properties were evaluated and compared with other well-known products on the market. The BISP’s density (0.1 g/cm3) and permeance value [41.81 g/day/m2 with 5.76% coefficient of variation (CV)] were found higher than compared competitor products. The BISPs’ contact angle was found 132.13° (1.59% CV) for BISP. The BISP was the only fire-retardant product, and the only one developed almost no smoke 2.20%.
Introduction Energy conservation has been getting an increased amount of attention all over the world as a crucially important strategy for reducing overall energy costs. Energy conservation or energy efficiency is also one of the most effective ways to combat climate change and result in cleaner air. One way to save energy is to develop building envelopes that reduce the heat loss; however, most insulating materials are composed of potentially harmful chemicals and are not biodegradable or compostable. The use of bio-based structural panels made from renewable and natural polymers decreases the usage of petroleum-based products, offers a cleaner environment, and may be a “zero landfill” material. For these reasons, interest and demand in sustainable, eco-friendly, and biodegradable polymers and products derived from organic sources is gaining a more critical role in material science.[1] This research focused on developing fire-retardant and water-repellent bio-structural panel (BISP) to provide energy efficiency in an eco-friendly way compared with petroleumbased products on the market. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and corn-starch (CS) were used to design the BISP. Nanocelluloses; cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanowhiskers, cellulose microfibrils, and bacterial celluloses are a relatively new field in nanotechnology and material science; however, they are getting significant attention[2–5] due to their lightweight structure that offers high thermal and mechanical performance.[1,6–8] These materials are also great candidates for reinforcements to strengthen otherwise weak materials.[9] CS is another environmentally friendly polymer commonly used in various industries, including food, packaging, and pharmaceutical[10]. Although both materials are abundant and environmentally friendly polymers, they
both have drawback properties, specifically flammability and hydrophilicity[11] that limits their use in many potential industrial applications.[12] The cellulosic and CS-based materials[13] are flammable due to atoms (C, H, and O) found in their chemical structure that help start co
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