Development of 31 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the mole salamander ( Ambystoma talpoideum ) using Illumina pai
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Development of 31 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) using Illumina paired-end sequencing Cara N. Love • R. Wesley Flynn • Schyler O. Nunziata Kenneth L. Jones • Stacey L. Lance
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Received: 12 April 2013 / Accepted: 6 May 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract We isolated and characterized a total of 31 microsatellite loci from the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum. Loci were screened in 20 individuals from a single location in Aiken, South Carolina. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 11, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.700, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.031 to 0.400. These new loci will provide tools for examining the genetic diversity, structure, mating system, and adult morph determination of A. talpoideum. Keywords Ambystoma Illumina Microsatellite PAL_FINDER PCR primers SSR
The mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum, is a burrowing salamander found across the southeastern and central United States from Texas to South Carolina and north to Illinois (Conant and Collins 1991; Lannoo 2005). This species is listed as endangered in Indiana, a species of special concern in North Carolina and In Need of Management in Tennessee, presumably due to anthropogenic manipulations of breeding ponds and surrounding habitat (Lannoo 2005; Rothermel and Luhring 2005). Mole salamanders commonly inhabit areas surrounding the fishless wetlands in which they breed (Lannoo 2005) and adults are most frequently encountered during the breeding season, C. N. Love R. W. Flynn S. O. Nunziata S. L. Lance (&) Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA e-mail: [email protected] K. L. Jones Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
from mid-winter to early spring, while moving to their breeding sites. Mole salamanders provide a number of important ecological roles including acting as predators to both aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, prey to larger predators, and indicators of water quality (Petranka 1998). Adult A. talpoideum are facultatively paedomorphic, a possible adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions (Harris 1987; Scott 1992). This trait may allow individuals to respond to different opportunities provided by varying hydro-period patterns of a wetland (Scott 1992) and both the terrestrial and aquatic morphs of A. talpoideum can be present within the same population (Semlitsch and Gibbons 1985). There is some evidence to suggest that facultative paedomorphism is a genetically based trait (Semlitsch and Gibbons 1985), though further experimentation is needed on this subject. Currently, there are 11 microsatellite loci developed for A. talpoideum (Croshaw et al. 2005), though, to our knowledge, they have not been successfully applied in genetic studies and in our experience they provided insufficient power. To increase the number of available loci w
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