Development of a Reversible Indicator Displacement Assay Based on the 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol for Colorimetric Deter
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Development of a Reversible Indicator Displacement Assay Based on the 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol for Colorimetric Determination of Cysteine in Biological Samples and Its Application to Constructing the Paper Test Strips and a Molecular-Scale Set/Reset Memorized Device Gohar Deilamy-Rad 1 & Khadijeh Asghari 1 & Hossein Tavallali 1 Received: 6 July 2019 / Accepted: 23 October 2019/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract
A new colorimetric chemosensor for naked-eye detection and determination of cysteine (Cys) based on indicator displacement assay (IDA) was designed using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2naphthol (PAN). The indicator exchange occurred between PAN and Cys by the addition of Cys to the Cu(PAN)2 complex, which is accomplished by an immediate visible color change from magenta to yellow, in the solution phase and paper-based test strips. The proposed method exhibits 0.35 μmol L−1 detection limit and good linearity in the range of 2.25– 42.91 μmol L−1. Paper test strips presented a detection limit of 38.0 μmol L−1, fabricating an easy to use test kit for compatible “in-the-field” detection of Cys. The computer image analysis of the paper test strips, obtained from the CMYK color analysis system, showed a linear increase in Y (yellow) intensity with enhancement in the Cys concentration of 50.0– 550.0 μmol L−1. Additionally, the absorption and color change obtained in this chemosensor operate as an “INHIBIT” logic gate considering Cu2+ and Cys as inputs. Eventually, based on such a fast, reversible, and reproducible signal, a molecular-scale sequential memory unit was designed displaying “Writing–Reading–Erasing–Reading” and “Multi-Write” behavior. The developed chemosensor presented a satisfactory repeatability, intermediate precision, and successful application for the selective determination of Cys in human biological fluids. Keywords Indicator displacement assay (IDA) . Paper-based chemosensor . Colorimetric chemosensor . Cysteine . 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) . Molecular-scale memory unit Highlights • A novel IDA colorimetric chemosensor was developed for the determination of cysteine. • The paper-based chemosensor was designed according to the IDA mechanism. • The prepared test kit was analyzed using a digital camera and the CMYK software. • The paper strips can be applied in clinical analysis in combination with a camera. • The color changes in aqueous and paper-based chemosensors are reversible.
* Hossein Tavallali [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-4697, Islamic Republic of Iran
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction Amino acids (AA) play an indispensable role in the physiological process as building units of proteins and intermediates in metabolism. Some AA had been discovered as constituents of natural products even before they were identified as components of proteins; asparagine was discovered in the juice of asparagus plant in 1806 and cysteine was discovered in urinary stones
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