Smartphone colorimetric assay of acid phosphatase based on a controlled iodine-mediated etching of gold nanorods
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Smartphone colorimetric assay of acid phosphatase based on a controlled iodine-mediated etching of gold nanorods Bo-Wen Liu 1 & Peng-Cheng Huang 1,2 & Fang-Ying Wu 1,2 Received: 15 June 2020 / Revised: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A simple but efficient colorimetric assay was developed for the detection and quantification of acid phosphatase (ACP) using a smartphone. This strategy is based on target-controlled iodine-mediated etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Due to effective hydrolysis of the substrate pyrophosphate (PPi) by ACP, chelated Cu2+ with PPi was released, which promoted the redox reaction with an iodide ion (I−), leading to the formation of I3−. As the etching agent of AuNRs, I3− caused a blueshift of the localized surface plasmon resonance peak and, more importantly, an observable color change. The vivid colors were recorded with a smartphone camera and directly analyzed using an image-processing app. On the basis of the direct correlation between ACP concentration and the etching degree of AuNRs as well as color change, this smartphone nanocolorimetry technique showed a good linear response toward ACP over the range of 0–15.0 U/L, with a detection limit of 0.97 U/L. Using the standard addition method, the practical applicability of the proposed smartphone-based assay was successfully demonstrated by determining ACP in human serum samples, with results consistent with those obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Keywords Smartphone nanocolorimetry . Acid phosphatase . Colorimetric method . Gold nanorods . Etching process
Introduction Acid phosphatase (ACP) is a phosphomonoesterase widely found in nature that can catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters under acidic conditions in mammalian tissues [1], including the prostate, liver, and blood systems [2, 3]. Although the ACP concentration is low in human cells, it involves many important physiological processes, especially mammalian movement [4]. It has been found that abnormal ACP concentrations indicate the onset of several diseases including prostate cancer, Gaucher disease, and enzyme Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02954-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Peng-Cheng Huang [email protected] * Fang-Ying Wu [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
2
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
disorders associated with veins, kidneys, and bones [5, 6]. Therefore, as a hydrolase, ACP not only plays a vital role in phosphomonoester metabolism but is often used as a clinical biomarker [1]. Owing to its biological and clinical significance, the development of methods for accurate measurement of ACP in physiological media is critical. In recent decades, a variety of strategies using colorimetry [2, 7–14], flu
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