Development of an Ultra-Sensitive and Flexible Piezoresistive Flow Sensor Using Vertical Graphene Nanosheets
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Cite as Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12:109 Received: 9 February 2020 Accepted: 20 April 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00446-w
Development of an Ultra‑Sensitive and Flexible Piezoresistive Flow Sensor Using Vertical Graphene Nanosheets Sajad Abolpour Moshizi1, Shohreh Azadi1, Andrew Belford1, Amir Razmjou2, Shuying Wu1, Zhao Jun Han3, Mohsen Asadnia1 * * Mohsen Asadnia, [email protected] School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia 2 UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 3 CSIRO Manufacturing, PO Box 218, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia 1
HIGHLIGHTS • A novel biomimetic flow sensor based on vertically grown graphene nanosheets with a mazelike structure is fabricated which closely mimics the structure of auditory hair cells. • The proposed sensor demonstrated an ultra-high sensitivity of 103.91 mV (mm/s)−1, very low-velocity detection threshold (1.127 mm s−1), and excellent performance in a wide range of frequencies (0.1–25 Hz) for underwater sensing applications. • The proposed sensor revealed a strong capability in development of an artificial lateral semicircular canal.
ABSTRACT This paper suggests development of a flexible, light-
weight, and ultra-sensitive piezoresistive flow sensor based on vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNs) with a mazelike structure. The sensor was thoroughly characterized for steady-state and oscillatory water flow monitoring applications. The results demonstrated a high sensitiv-
ity (103.91 mV (mm/s)−1) and a very low-velocity detection threshold (1.127 mm s−1) in steady-state flow monitoring. As one of many potential
applications, we demonstrated that the proposed VGNs/PDMS flow sensor can closely mimic the vestibular hair cell sensors housed inside the semicircular canals (SCCs). As a proof of concept, magnetic resonance imaging of the human inner ear was conducted to measure the dimensions of the SCCs and to develop a 3D printed lateral semicircular canal (LSCC). The sensor was embedded into the artificial LSCC and tested for various physiological movements. The obtained results indicate that the flow sensor is able to distinguish minute changes in the rotational axis physical geometry, frequency, and amplitude. The success of this study paves the way for extending this technology not only to vestibular organ prosthesis but also to other applications such as blood/urine flow monitoring, intravenous therapy (IV), water leakage monitoring, and unmanned underwater robots through incorporation of the appropriate packaging of devices. KEYWORDS Vertical graphene nanosheets; Artificial vestibular system; Bioinspired sensors; Piezoresistive sensors
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1 Introduction Biological sensors (biosensors) exist in all creatures capable of filtering, measuring, and recording biologically relevant signals in a noisy environment. A biosensor serves as
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