Sponge and graphene/PVDF /ZnO composite based 3D stacked flexible multi-sensor platform
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Sponge and graphene/PVDF /ZnO composite based 3D stacked flexible multi-sensor platform Parikshit Sahatiya1, P Thanga Gomathi1, S Solomon Jones1 and Sushmee Badhulika1* 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502285, India. *
Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Telephone: 040-23018443 Fax 04023016032
Abstract In this work, we propose a multi-sensor platform where sensors are stacked over one another (3D stacked) each offering a unique functionality. The technique involves the use of Polyurethane (PU) sponge and PVDF/graphene (Gr) /ZnO composites for various sensing applications. The sponge was made conductive by dipping it in different weight percentages of pencil lead dispersed in ethanol through ultrasonication. Large area Gr/PVDF films were fabricated by simple solution mixing and casting method which also served as a substrate for the 3D stacked sensor. ZnO was grown hydrothermally over Gr/PVDF film by masking a portion of Gr/PVDF film to form a p-n junction. Silver paste and copper tape were used as contact pads. All the three fabricated devices were stacked with PU sponge sandwiched between Gr/PVDF/ZnO (top) and large area Gr/PVDF (bottom) as substrate. Performance of individual sensors and 3D stacked sensor was compared and no notable change was observed. The 3D stacked sensor array platform with its multifunctionality would be a step ahead in wearable electronics which can be integrated on human and can function as an e-skin for burn and acid victims, robotics and human-machine interactions. Introduction Research related to flexible and wearable electronics have gathered significant attention due to their widespread applications such as electronic skin, personalized health care, energy harvesting, sensors and photodetectors [1]. However fabrication of these devices on flexible plastic substrates such as polyimide (PI), PET, PEN etc. still remains a challenge due to requirement of sophisticated clean room techniques which are not only expensive but also energy inefficient. Furthermore, each of the fabricated sensor shows unique functionality in terms of sensing thereby limiting their applications in multi-sensing platforms. To overcome this issue, an array of sensors have been fabricated in 2D planar structure with each sensor having functionalized material for specific sensing [2]. Yang et al. fabricated a 2D array of structures using porous ln2O3 microtubes for detection of 14 volatile organic compounds [3]. Sahatiya et al. reported the simultaneous detection of temperature and infrared using graphene on PI substrate [4]. However, selectivity is a major concern in 2D planar array sensors. Recently, researchers have focused their attention on developing 3D stacked sensors with each sensor offering unique functionality. Nassar et al. used kitchen products such as paper and aluminum foil for the fabrication of 3D stacked multi-sensory platform for electronic skin application [5]. But these 3D stacked devices were fabricated manually which would
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