Plastics of the Future? The Impact of Biodegradable Polymers on the Environment
With the increasing reports on the environmental distribution and ecological risks of petrochemical plastics and microplastics, degradable plastics are considered as the optimal alternative to the traditional plastics. Compared with the traditional petroc
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Contents 1 The Concept, Composition, Application, and Output of Biodegradable Plastics 1.1 Definition and Classification of Biodegradable Plastics 1.2 Representative Materials and Their Applications 1.3 Production and Environmental Flux 2 The Occurrence, Degradation Efficiency, and Environmental Impact of Semi-biodegradable Plastics 2.1 Environmental Distribution of Semi-Biodegradable Plastics 2.2 Degradation Characteristics of Semi-Biodegradable Plastics in the Environments 2.3 The Ecological Effect of Semi-biodegradable Plastics 3 The Occurrence, Degradation Efficiency, and Environmental Impact of Completely Biodegradable Plastics 3.1 Environmental Distribution of Completely Biodegradable Plastics 3.2 Degradation Characteristic of Completely Biodegradable Plastics Entering the Environment 3.3 The Ecological Effect of Completely Biodegradable Plastics 4 Interaction of Biodegradable Plastics with Other Contaminants 4.1 Interaction with Heavy Metals 4.2 Interaction with Organic Contaminants 4.3 Additives and Functional Monomers 5 Conclusions 5.1 Ecological Risks of Biodegradable Plastics 5.2 Development Prospect of Biodegradable Plastics References
Abstract With the increasing reports on the environmental distribution and ecological risks of petrochemical plastics and microplastics, degradable plastics are
L. Zhao, L. Rong, L. Zhao, J. Yang, L. Wang (*), and H. Sun MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China e-mail: [email protected] Defu He and Yongming Luo (eds.), Microplastics in Terrestrial Environments - Emerging Contaminants and Major Challenges, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_462, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Zhao et al.
considered as the optimal alternative to the traditional plastics. Compared with the traditional petrochemical plastics, the market of biodegradable plastics is still small but growing rapidly. At the same time, knowledge on the environmental distribution and ecological risks of biodegradable plastics is still limited, although their production and application continue to improve. Biodegradable plastics are divided into semi-biodegradable plastics and fully biodegradable plastics. Their ecological risks may show significant differences. In the soil environment, the particle size, shape, molecular weight of plastics, the type of functional groups in the molecular structure, and the additives added to plastics may play different roles in the biodegradation of biodegradable plastics. In current chapter, the available information of current researches on biodegradable plastics in the environment is reviewed. The environmental risk and future development of degradable plastics are also discussed. Keywords Biodegradable plastics, Biodegradation, Ecological risks, Environmental distribution
1 The Concept, Composition, Application, and Output of Biodegradable Plastics 1.1
Definition and Classification of Biodegradable Plastics
Biodegradable plastics are defined as degrada
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