Developmental response of Spodoptera litura Fab in response to plant extract of Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) and its effe
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Developmental response of Spodoptera litura Fab in response to plant extract of Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) and its effect on non-target organism, earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Narayanan Shyam-Sundar 1 & Haridoss Sivanesh 1 & Sengodan Karthi 1 & Annamalai Thanigaivel 1 & Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja 1 & Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini 1 & Ramakrishnan Ramasubramanian 1 & Kilapavoor Raman Narayanan 2 & Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan 1 Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Impact of chloroform extract of Desmostachya bipinnata was evaluated on armyworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The chloroform extract of D. bipinnata was subjected to GC-MS analysis to elucidate the vital 12 compounds. The mortality of S. litura was tested at four different concentrations viz., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 %, which exhibited a dosedependent response. Mortality was significant at a concentration of 2%. Accrued LC50 (lethal concentration) value was 0.15%. The developmental duration of larva and pupa was significantly increased in all treatments. Reduction in weight of pupae in treated groups was noticed and was compared with control. Longevity of S. litura decreased in all tested treatments and being most significant at concentrations of 1.5 and 2%. Simultaneous reduction in fecundity of S. litura was observed. Pathological changes were noticed in the mid gut of S. litura at concentrations of 1 and 1.5%. No significant impacts on earthworm were observed. The results of the present study revealed that chloroform extract from D. bipinnata, an old-world perennial grass, shown effective bio-pesticidal activity against S. litura, an important agricultural pest. Keywords Armyworm . Botanical insecticide . GC-MS . Midgut tissue . Histology
Introduction Desmostachya bipinnata is an old-world perennial grass that comes under the family Poaceae (Pandey et al. 2013). The common name of D. bipinnata (L.) in English and Sanskrit is sacrificial grass and darbha, respectively. The plant has a wide distribution from North Africa to South Asia. In Asia, it grows in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, China, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Burma, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. While considered a weed Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan [email protected] 1
Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 412, India
2
Department of Zoology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 412, India
where it grows, the grass provides excellent soil-binding properties in sand and has a history of uses as a potential medicinal plant (Golla et al. 2014). Screening of phytoconstituents such as coumarins (scopoletin and umbelliferone), carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids
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