Diagnosis and management of hypocalcemia

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Diagnosis and management of hypocalcemia Jessica Pepe1 Luciano Colangelo 1 Federica Biamonte1 Chiara Sonato1 Vittoria Carmela Danese1 Veronica Cecchetti1 Marco Occhiuto1 Valentina Piazzolla1 Viviana De Martino1 Federica Ferrone1 Salvatore Minisola1 Cristiana Cipriani1 ●





















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Received: 15 February 2020 / Accepted: 18 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract The aim of this clinical narrative review is to summarize and critically appraise the literature on the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia and to provide its correct management. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release, but clinical manifestations of hypocalcaemia (serum calcium level