Dieckol: an algal polyphenol attenuates urban fine dust-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells via the activation of an
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23RD INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM, JEJU
Dieckol: an algal polyphenol attenuates urban fine dust-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells via the activation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant signaling pathways K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa 1 & I. P.S. Fernando 1 & Hyun-Soo Kim 1 & Thilina U. Jayawardena 1 & BoMi Ryu 1 Ginnae Ahn 2 & WonWoo Lee 1,3 & You-Jin Jeon 1,4
1
& Hye-Won Yang &
Received: 10 June 2019 / Revised and accepted: 14 October 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Fine dust-associated complications related to human health are one of the major issues in the East-Asia region. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory effect of dieckol in fine dust-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and its biological mechanism. The result showed that the exposure of macrophages to fine dust induced the productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory mediators such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 whereas it was significantly attenuated by the treatment of dieckol. In addition, fine dust increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α that were down-regulated by dieckol. Interestingly, dieckol protected macrophages against cell damages via reducing the fine dust-caused intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via induction of superoxide dismutase production as well as the HO-1/Nrf2 signaling activation. In conclusion, dieckol protects RAW 264.7 cells against fine dust-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via inducing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Keywords Dieckol . Ecklonia cava . RAW 264.7 cells . Anti-inflammation . Fine dust
Introduction In the East-Asia region (China, Korea, and Japan), fine dust has become a major threat of air pollution and causes negative health effects on human skin and respiratory system. Specifically, the extensive arid or semiarid highlands of northern China and
* WonWoo Lee [email protected] * You-Jin Jeon [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
3
Freshwater Biosources Utilization Bureau, Bioresources Industrialization Support Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources(NNIBR), Sangju, Republic of Korea
4
Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
Mongolia (Gobi desert, Hunshdak Sandy Lands, Loess Plateau, and Taklimakan desert) are considered as the major sources of dust in Asia region (Lee et al. 2015b). However, coal-burning power plants, rapid developments in industrialization, numerous petroleum vehicles, and large-scale mining operations have contributed to increase the fine dust concentration in the urban areas located in East-Asia region (F
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