Dietary Saccharina japonica is a natural and effective tool to fortify marine teleost black sea bream fillets with iodin
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Dietary Saccharina japonica is a natural and effective tool to fortify marine teleost black sea bream fillets with iodine: effects on growth, flesh quality, and serum thyroid hormones Chuanqi Yu 1,2 & Guoquan Liu 1,2 & Jun Yu 1,2 & Fan Lin 1,2 & Xiaobo Wen 1,2 Received: 27 January 2020 / Revised and accepted: 3 April 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In the present study the effects of dietary Saccharina japonica on growth performance, flesh quality traits, and serum thyroid hormones (tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)) of juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, were investigated. Seven diets containing graded levels of S. japonica (0, 0.1, 0.2, 1.2, 2.5, 5, and 10%) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to sex replicate groups of 40 fish. After a 90-day feeding trial, the best growth performance was achieved in fish fed with the 2.5% S. japonica diet, with significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) and lower feed coefficient (FC) than those fed with the other diets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, S. japonica supplementation had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on proximate composition of the whole body and the muscle. However, the content of n-6PUFA, n-3PUFA, and LC-PUFA in the muscle was significantly increased with the increasing level of dietary S. japonica. No differences in the flesh texture, cooked meat rate and water holding capacity were found among fish fed with different diets. It was further demonstrated that dietary S. japonica significantly fortify fillets with iodine (from 0.11 to 1.05 mg kg−1DM) and increased serum T4 and T3 levels. These results showed that the inclusion of up to 2.5% of S. japonica meal in diets could be beneficial to aquaculture of juvenile black sea bream, while higher inclusion levels resulted in significantly smaller fish. Moreover, the content of flesh iodine content quintupled in fish fed 2.5% up to 2.5%, confirming S. japonica as a natural and effective tool to increase the nutritional value of juvenile black sea bream. Keywords Acanthopagrus schlegelii . Saccharina japonica . Iodine . Flesh quality . Thyroid hormones
Introduction Seafood is a valuable source of multiple essential nutrients, since most species provide the recommended amounts of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), contributing also to cover the needs of other essential nutrients, such as iodine, selenium, and vitamin D (EFSA 2014). Therefore, worldwide seafood consumption is steadily expanding; meanwhile, seafood
* Xiaobo Wen [email protected] Chuanqi Yu [email protected] 1
Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
from captured fisheries is declining though aquaculture is overcoming this supply issue and the actual contribution at world level already overtook that of wild fish for human consumption (FAO 2015). However, the current trend in aquafeeds for replacing marine-derived ingredients (fish meal and fish
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