Differences in the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who died in hospital during different phases of the pan
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Differences in the clinical characteristics of COVID‑19 patients who died in hospital during different phases of the pandemic: national data from Italy Luigi Palmieri1 · Katie Palmer2 · Cinzia Lo Noce1 · Paola Meli3 · Marina Giuliano4 · Marco Floridia4 · Manuela Tamburo de Bella5 · Andrea Piccioli6 · Silvio Brusaferro7 · Graziano Onder1 · The Italian National Institute of Health COVID-19 Mortality Group (*) Received: 24 October 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background Epidemiological data obtained during the initial wave of the COVID-19 epidemic showed that persons dying with COVID-19 were typically older men with multiple chronic conditions. No studies have assessed if the characteristics of patients dying with COVID-19 have changed in the second phase of the epidemic, when the initial wave subsided. The aim of the present study was to compare characteristics of patients dying with COVID-19 in Italy in the first ‘peak’ phase of the epidemic and in its second phase. Methods Medical charts of patients with COVID-19 who died while in hospital in Italy were reviewed to extract information on pre-existing comorbidities, in-hospital complications, and disease trajectories. The course of the epidemic was classified in two 3-month periods: March–May 2020 and June–August 2020. Findings Overall, in the Italian population, 34,191 COVID-19 deaths occurred in March–May 2020 and 1,404 in June– August 2020. Patients dying in March–May were significantly younger (80.1 ± 10.6 vs. 82.8 ± 11.1 years, p
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