Differential Bioaccumulation of Select Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Lemna minor
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Differential Bioaccumulation of Select Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Lemna minor Mohd Asgar Khan1 · Gowher A. Wani1,2 · Humeera Majid1 · Fajroo Ul Farooq1 · Zafar A. Reshi1 · Amjad M. Husaini2 · Manzoor A. Shah1 Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The capacity of Lemna minor to remediate toxic heavy metals from wastewater is reasonably well documented. In view of the pivotal role of this species in the environmental clean-up, here we evaluated the bioaccumulation potential of L. minor for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) through a controlled experiment. L. minor tolerated the metals Cd, Ni, and Pb up to 0.5, 5, and 8 mg/L, respectively, and beyond these concentrations the toxicity symptoms appeared. Bio-concentration factor varied at different concentrations of heavy metals tested. Overall, L. minor showed good phytoremediation potential for all the three tested heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Pb), though in relative terms it was more effective in extracting Ni and Cd, as compared to Pb, both in single and mixed concentrations. In view of the growing pollution in Kashmir Himalayan aquatic habitats the phytoremediation by invasive species such as L. minor promises to be one of the best choices than other native plants for cleaning up of polluted soils/water because of its fast growth rate, high abundance, easy handling, and wide distribution in Kashmir Himalayan aquatic ecosystems. Keywords Bioaccumulation · Bioconcentration factor · Heavy metals · Lemna minor · Kashmir Himalaya Increasing anthropogenic disturbances on freshwater and marine systems (e.g. agricultural, rural and urban settlements, mining and sewage works) and lack of proper strategies for disposal of domestic and industrial effluent speed up the deterioration of water quality and hence impair ecosystem health, which is a matter of great concern (Amahmid et al. 2002; Proulx et al. 2019; Hader et al. 2020). Among various contaminants, heavy metals are of serious concern for aquatic health due to their potential toxic effect, non-biodegradable nature, and ability to bio-accumulate in aquatic biota (Censi et al. 2006). Heavy metals are the elements with
* Gowher A. Wani [email protected] * Manzoor A. Shah [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190 006, India
Genome Engineering & Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190025, India
2
high atomic weight, relatively higher density than water, and a specific gravity of > 5 g/mL. The heavy metals are released into the environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources, though generally a product of mining and industrial activities (Fergusson 1990). Although some of the heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Co) play a vital role in plant growth and development as micronutrients, the others (Cd, Pb, and H
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