Differential contribution of Anopheles coustani and Anopheles arabiensis to the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum an
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rasites & Vectors Open Access
RESEARCH
Differential contribution of Anopheles coustani and Anopheles arabiensis to the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two neighbouring villages of Madagascar Jessy Goupeyou‑Youmsi1,2,3* , Tsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo4,5, Nicolas Puchot2,6, Ingrid Peterson7, Romain Girod8, Inès Vigan‑Womas1, Richard Paul2,6, Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath4 and Catherine Bourgouin2,6*
Abstract Background: Malaria is still a heavy public health concern in Madagascar. Few studies combining parasitology and entomology have been conducted despite the need for accurate information to design effective vector control meas‑ ures. In a Malagasy region of moderate to intense transmission of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, parasitol‑ ogy and entomology have been combined to survey malaria transmission in two nearby villages. Methods: Community-based surveys were conducted in the villages of Ambohitromby and Miarinarivo at three time points (T1, T2 and T3) during a single malaria transmission season. Human malaria prevalence was determined by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and real-time PCR. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing catches and pyrethrum spray catches and the presence of Plasmodium sporozoites was assessed by TaqMan assay. Results: Malaria prevalence was not significantly different between villages, with an average of 8.0% by RDT, 4.8% by microscopy and 11.9% by PCR. This was mainly due to P. falciparum and to a lesser extent to P. vivax. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence rate as determined by PCR at T2 ( χ22 = 7.46, P = 0.025). Likewise, mosquitoes were significantly more abundant at T2 ( χ22 = 64.8, P < 0.001), especially in Ambohitromby. At T1 and T3 mosquito abundance was higher in Miarinarivo than in Ambohitromby ( χ22 = 14.92, P < 0.001). Of 1550 Anopheles mosquitoes tested, 28 (1.8%) were found carrying Plasmodium sporozoites. The entomological inoculation rate revealed that Anopheles coustani played a major contribution in malaria transmission in Miarinarivo, being responsible of 61.2
*Correspondence: [email protected]; catherine. [email protected] 1 Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar 2 Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your i
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