Differential immune cell infiltrations between healthy periodontal and chronic periodontitis tissues
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Differential immune cell infiltrations between healthy periodontal and chronic periodontitis tissues Wei Li1, Zheng Zhang2* and Zuo‑min Wang1*
Abstract Background: Host immunity plays an important role against oral microorganisms in periodontitis. Methods: This study assessed the infiltrating immune cell subtypes in 133 healthy periodontal and 210 chronic peri‑ odontitis tissues from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets using the CIBERSORT gene signature files. Results: Plasma cells, naive B cells and neutrophils were all elevated in periodontitis tissues, when compared to those in healthy controls. In contrast, memory B cells, resting dendritic, mast cells and CD4 memory cells, as well as activated mast cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, and follicular helper T cells, were mainly present in healthy periodontal tissues. Furthermore, these periodontitis tissues generally contained a higher proportion of activated CD4 memory T cells, while the other subtypes of T cells, including resting CD4 memory T cells, CD8 T cells, follicular helper T cells ( TFH) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), were relatively lower in periodontitis tissues, when compared to healthy tissues. The ratio of dendritic and mast cells and macrophages was lower in periodontitis tissues, when compared to healthy tissues. In addition, there was a significant negative association of plasma cells with most of the other immune cells, such as plasma cells vs. memory B cells (γ = − 0.84), plasma cells vs. resting dendritic cells (γ = − 0.64), plasma cells vs. resting CD4 memory T cells (γ = 0.50), plasma cells versus activated dendritic cells (γ = − 0.46), plasma cells versus TFH (γ = − 0.46), plasma cells versus macrophage M2 cells (γ = − 0.43), or plasma cells versus macrophage M1 cells (γ = − 0.40), between healthy control and periodontitis tissues. Conclusion: Plasma cells, naive B cells and neutrophils were all elevated in periodontitis tissues. The infiltration of dif‑ ferent immune cell subtypes in the periodontitis site could lead the host immunity against periodontitis. Keywords: Periodontitis, Host immunity, Inflammation, Infiltrating immune cells and subtypes Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the surrounding tooth tissues [1] characterized by periodontal plaque microorganism-induced inflammation and loss of periodontal attachment [2]. This occurs in approximately 10–15% of the global population as the *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongti South Road, Beijing 100020, China 2 Department of Periodontology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Function Reconstruction, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, 75th Dagu North Road, Tianjin 300000, China
second main cause of tooth loss among adults [3, 4]. In the early stage of the disease, periodontal supporting tissues present as swollen, red, and/or bleeding (signs of acute inflammation), while
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