Discrete Modeling of Dynamics of Zooplankton Community at the Different Stages of an Antropogeneous Eutrophication
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Discrete Modeling of Dynamics of Zooplankton Community at the Different Stages of an Antropogeneous Eutrophication G. N. Zholtkevych • G. Yu. Bespalov • K. V. Nosov Mahalakshmi Abhishek
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Received: 23 February 2012 / Accepted: 13 June 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Mathematical modeling is a convenient way for characterization of complex ecosystems. This approach was applied to study the dynamics of zooplankton in Lake Sevan (Armenia) at different stages of anthropogenic eutrophication with the use of a novel method called discrete modeling of dynamical systems with feedback (DMDS). Simulation demonstrated that the application of this method helps in characterization of inter- and intra-component relationships in a natural ecosystem. This method describes all possible pairwise inter-component relationships like ‘‘plus–plus,’’ ‘‘minus–minus,’’ ‘‘plus–minus,’’ ‘‘plus–zero,’’ ‘‘minus–zero,’’ and ‘‘zero–zero’’ that occur in most ecosystems. Based on the results, a working hypothesis was formulated. It was found that the sensitivity to weak external influence in zooplanktons was the greatest during the mid period of eutrophication in Lake Sevan, whereas in the final stages of eutrophication, an outbreak in the biomass production of cyanobacteria was evident. To support this approach, a weak external disturbance in the form of magnetic storm was used to see its effect on species Daphnia longispina sevanica. A statistically significant correlation between the frequency of magnetic storms and the number of this
G. N. Zholtkevych G. Yu. Bespalov K. V. Nosov (&) V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sqr., 4, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected] G. N. Zholtkevych e-mail: [email protected] G. Yu. Bespalov e-mail: [email protected] M. Abhishek IDEAS Research Institute, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK e-mail: [email protected]
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species was revealed and an increase in the number of toxic cyanobacteria species as a consequence of eutrophication. This paper, for the first time, suggests a DMDS method, to diagnose impact of anthropogenic eutrophication on environment. Keywords Dynamical systems Mathematical models Anthropogenic eutrophication Zooplankton Cyanobacteria
1 Introduction In a living community, the sharp changes in climatic conditions result in changes in habitat which become a major problem for homeostatic support (Keizi 2006; Thompson et al. 1978; Kuanyu 1994). The problem of the homeostasis is closely related to the problem of dynamic stability in the living organisms community. The practical aspect of this problem is connected to the disturbance in stability of communities, which is often accompanied by outbreaks in number or biomass of species (Keizi 2006). The study of direct influence of abiotic climatic factors on a community in relation to the dynamic characters of a community, structure of interspecific relationships, and relation with other co
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