Community structure of zooplankton in the Lembeh Strait, Bitung, and Wori Beach, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Community structure of zooplankton in the Lembeh Strait, Bitung, and Wori Beach, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia THOHA Hikmah1*, FITRIYA Nurul1, SIANTURI Oksto Ridho1, WANG Yanguo2 1 Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia 2 Third Institution of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
Received 15 June 2017; accepted 12 March 2018 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract
The community structure of zooplankton has been conducted in the Lembeh Strait in Bitung and Wori Beach in Manado, North Sulawesi in October 2015. Sampling of this research was conducted in 22 sampling sites along the strait. Zooplankton samples were collected from 22 stations, by NORPAC 300 μm net that was vertically hauled from maximum 10 m depth up to the surface water. The samples were poured into the bottle with formalin of 4% as preservative. The results showed that there were 43 taxa of zooplankton. The abundance of zooplankton was between 21.216–4 193.776 ind./m3. The dominant taxa were copepod, especially Calanoida. The composition of zooplankton was relatively similar in all stations. We showed the abundance, dominance, composition and distribution of zooplankton at this research. More extensive studies concerning zooplankton is required to understand zooplankton biodiversity as a whole especially on the geographical and spatial distribution to describe population and community dynamic in the Lembeh Strait and Wori Beach. Key words: Lembeh Strait, Wori Beach, zooplankton, copepoda, calanoida Citation: Thoha Hikmah, Fitriya Nurul, Sianturi Oksto Ridho, Wang Yanguo. 2018. Community structure of zooplankton in the Lembeh Strait, Bitung, and Wori Beach, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(12): 28–34, doi: 10.1007/s13131-0181285-2
1 Introduction The Lembeh Strait is one small part of this biodiversity hotspot which has many unique types of marine ecosystem. However this area also receives growing threat of environmental degradation due to antrophogenic activities in its coastline. The development of industrial zones along with international ports, also could potentially introduce new and invasive species to the Lembeh Strait and Wori Beach (Rumengen et al., 2011). The Lembeh Strait is a narrow strait located east from Bitung, North Sulawesi. This strait is affected by hydrographic condition which relates to different kind of anthropogenic activities in the coastline. The northern part of Lembeh Strait is relatively pristine due to the existence of Batu Angus National Park and relatively low anthropogenic activities in the coastline. On the contrary, the southern part of Lembeh Strait has been degraded due to the existence of large city, heavy industries, ports and shipyards. The rapid development of the city, factories and ports has been progressing further to the north and become major impacting factors for the health of Lembeh Strait ecosystems, such as coral reefs an
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