Diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi in different tissues of Hevea brasiliensis native to the Brazilian Amazon
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi in different tissues of Hevea brasiliensis native to the Brazilian Amazon forest Kaliane S. Araújo 1 & Vanessa N. Brito 1 & Tomás G. R. Veloso 1 & Tiago S. de Leite 2 & Janaina L. Alves 1 & Braz T. da Hora Junior 3 & Hanna L. A. Moreno 1 & Olinto L. Pereira 4 & Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti 4 & Marisa V. de Queiroz 1 Received: 1 December 2019 / Revised: 1 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The genus Hevea is native to the Brazilian Amazon forest, and H. brasiliensis, popularly known as the rubber tree, is the main source of raw material for the production of natural rubber in the world. To characterize the fungal communities that inhabit the tissues of this species, a total of 550 endophytic fungi were isolated, of which 212 were from native trees located in the state of Acre and 338 in the state of Amazonas. These fungi were grouped into 115 OTUs. The phylum Ascomycota was dominant (93%) and the most abundant isolates belonged to the families Glomerallaceae (genus Colletotrichum), Diaporthaceae (genus Diaporthe), Nectriaceae (genus Fusarium), Hypocreaceae (genus Trichoderma), and Trichocomaceae (genus Penicillium). The diversity and richness of fungi in the state of Acre did not differ significantly between leaves, stems, and roots; however, in the state of Amazonas, the diversity was greater in the stems and roots than in the leaves. In general, the diversity of endophytic fungi was greater in the state of Acre. Comparisons between communities of fungi showed more differences between those that inhabit different tissues than in different states. Furthermore, the fungal communities of roots and stems were similar, and both these were dissimilar from leaves. Isolates identified in this study will be tested for their potential to produce metabolites of interest for industry and for the sustainable development of agribusiness. Keywords Biodiversity . Endophytic fungi . Microorganisms . Rubber tree
Introduction
Section Editor: Dominik Begerow Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01613-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marisa V. de Queiroz [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36571–000, Brazil
2
Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Juiz de Fora, Rua Bernardo Mascarenhas, 1283. 36.080-000, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
3
Monsanto do Brasil Ltda, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38407049, Brazil
4
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36571–000, Brazil
The Amazon forest possesses the highest diversity of plant species worldwide, with potential for industrial, medicinal, food, and biotechnological applications and Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr.
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