Temporal and spatial pattern of endophytic fungi diversity of Camellia sinensis (cv. Shu Cha Zao)
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Temporal and spatial pattern of endophytic fungi diversity of Camellia sinensis (cv. Shu Cha Zao) Zhenzhen Wu1†, Qingqing Su1†, Yuchen Cui1†, Hongzhu He1, Jiali Wang1, Yong Zhang1, Yu Zhao1, Hassan Abul1, Yunqiu Yang2* and Yanhua Long1*
Abstract Background: The experimental materials were a 60-year-old tea tree (Camellia sinensis cv. Shu Cha Zao; SCZ) (the mother plant) and 1-year-old and 20-year-old plants of SCZ that originated as mother plant cuttings. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing to study the spatial and dynamic distribution of endophytic fungi in different leaf niches (upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves) and rhizosphere soil on tea plants of different ages in the same garden. Results: Ascomycota (83.77%), Basidiomycota (11.71%), and Zygomycota (3.45%) were the dominant fungal phyla in all samples. Cladosporium (12.73%), Zymoseptoria (9.18%), and Strelitziana (13.11%) were the dominant genera in the leaf. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that endophytic communities in leaves differed from those in rhizosphere soil and different leaf niches had similar fungal diversity. Shannon’s indices and NMDS analysis indicated significant differences in fungal diversity and composition among the SCZ trees of different ages (p ≤ 0.01). The abundance of Cladosporium and Zymoseptoria decreased with increasing SCZ age, whereas the abundance of Strelitziana increased. Conclusions: The results illustrate variation in endophytic fungi among different niches on tea plants of different ages. The distribution of endophytic fungi in leaves of C. sinensis shows spatiotemporal variation. Keywords: Shu Cha Zao, Endophytic fungi, Spatial and dynamic distribution, High-throughput sequencing, Tea
Background Endophytic fungi are important microbial plant symbionts [1]. They live in healthy plant tissues either at certain growth stages or throughout their life history. Endophytic fungi inhabit many plant tissues, such as leaves, stems, bark, petioles, roots, and reproductive structures. These fungi cause no apparent disease * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Zhenzhen Wu, Qingqing Su and Yuchen Cui contributed equally to this work. 2 State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
symptoms, and they include latent pathogens and mycorrhizal fungi [1]. A notable endophytic fungus is Taxomyces andreanae from Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), which produces taxol and related anti-cancer substances [2]. Endophytic fungi have been isolated from moss [3], ferns [4], grasses [5], shrubs [6], conifers [7], and deciduous trees [8]. Most research has focused on their isolation, identification, diversity, metabolites, and host interactions [9–11]. Camellia sinensis is an evergreen shrub in the Theaceae family [12, 13]. In China, tea is made from the young leaves of C. sinensis, whereas the mature leaves are se
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