Diversity and Functions of Epilithic Riverine Biofilms
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Diversity and Functions of Epilithic Riverine Biofilms Daniel Pineda-Mora & Ana Laura Juárez-López & Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez & Maria Teresa Leal-Ascencio & Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba-Ledezma & Hugo Gildardo Castelán-Sánchez & José Luis Aguirre-Noyola & Paul Alexander Arp
Received: 10 July 2019 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This article relates epilithic dry- and wetseasonal bacterial biofilm composition to water quality along Río de la Sabana near Acapulco, Mexico. Samples were taken from various locations
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04692-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. D. Pineda-Mora : A. L. Juárez-López Local Development Science Center, Autonomous University of Guerrero (UAGro), Acapulco, Mexico J. Toribio-Jiménez Faculty of Chemistry and Biological Science, Autonomous University of Guerrero (UAGro), Chilpancingo, Mexico M. T. Leal-Ascencio Faculty of Chemistry Science, University of Veracruz (UV), Xalapa, Mexico J. C. Ruvalcaba-Ledezma Health Science Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo (UAEH), Pachuca, Mexico H. G. Castelán-Sánchez Cell Dynamics Research Center, Autonomous University of Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Mexico J. L. Aguirre-Noyola Center for Genome Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico P. A. Arp (*) Faculty of Forestry and Env. Management, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Fredericton, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
including nearly pristine upland locations, adjacent to residential floodplain developments, and immediately upstream from an estuarine lagoon. Bacterial composition was identified through sequential DNA analysis at the phylum, class, order, and family levels, with most of these categorized as heterotrophs, autotrophs, denitrifiers, nitrogen fixers, pathogens, and/or potential bioremediators based on generalized literature-sourced assignments. The results were interpreted in terms of location by extent of effluent pollution, and by dry versus wet seasonal changes pertaining to biofilm composition, related bacterial functions, and the following water quality parameters: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological and chemical oxygen demand, fecal and total bacteria counts, methylene blue active substances, electrical conductivity, and nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, and phosphate concentrations. It was found that epilithic bacterial biofilm diversity was richest during the wet season, was more varied in abundance along the upland locations, and was dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes with bioremediation and pathogen functions along effluent-receiving river locations. Lowabundance families associated with anaerobic and denitrifying functions were more prevalent during the wet season, while low-abundance families associated with aerobic, N2-fixing and pH-elevating functions were more prevalent during the dry season. Keywords Riverine biofilms . Bacterial composition and functions . DNA freq
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