Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks associated with domestic animals from the Colombian Caribbean region
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Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks associated with domestic animals from the Colombian Caribbean region Andrea P. Cotes‑Perdomo1 · Ángel Oviedo1 · Lyda R. Castro1 Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Tick-borne diseases constitute a problem for livestock and public health. Given the socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the Colombian Caribbean, ticks are particularly abundant, in turn exposing domestic animals and people in contact with them to such diseases. This study evaluates the presence of Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp., Coxiella spp. and Borrelia spp. in domestic animal ticks (Amblyomma mixtum, A. dissimile, Dermacentor nitens, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and R. microplus) by conventional PCR. Findings show a prevalence of 12.5% of Babesia, 0% of Borrelia, 39.4% of Anaplasma and 52.9% of Coxiella, whereas 6.2% of a total sample of 104 tick pools presented coinfections between Babesia and Anaplasma. Among the molecularly identified species are Ba. vogeli, Ba. bigemina and A. marginale, in addition to two Coxiella species—one being C. mudrowiae and the other similar to an undescribed endosymbiont of Rhipicephalus sp. It is necessary to evaluate the vector capacity of ticks such as A. mixtum, D. nitens and R. sanguineus in the transmission of A. marginale. Moreover, it is necessary to explore the role that bacteria of the genus Coxiella might have both in the health of humans and animals, and in the metabolism and reproduction of ticks. This is the first report on Babesia vogeli and B. bigemina in ticks from the Colombian Caribbean, representing a risk to animal and human health. Keywords Babesiosis · Bovine anaplasmosis · Coxiella endosymbionts
Introduction Ticks are recognized as vectors of infectious agents of many vertebrates including humans and are among the most important vectors in public and veterinary health given their capacity for transmitting a great number of pathogens (Jongejan and Uilenberg 2004; Baneth 2014). One can find parasitism in both domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans from the same tick species (Guglielmone et al. 2006). Furthermore, in species such as Rhipicephalus microplus and Ixodes ricinus, an increase in their geographic * Andrea P. Cotes‑Perdomo [email protected] 1
Grupo de Investigación Evolución, Sistemática Y Ecología Molecular (GIESEMOL), Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Experimental and Applied Acarology
distribution due to current climate phenomena has been observed (Estrada-Peña et al. 2005, 2006; Gray et al. 2009; Medlock et al. 2013), putting more communities at risk of transmission of pathogens. In addition to the pathogenic microorganisms associated with ticks, recent studies have revealed the presence of multiple symbiont organisms, especially bacteria, which are evolutionarily related to pathogenic organisms such as Coxiella burnetii (Zhong 2012; Duron et al. 2015). Although most of their congeners (which are yet to be describ
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