Doppler assessment of brachial artery flow as a measure of endothelial dysfunction in pediatric chronic renal failure
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Doppler assessment of brachial artery flow as a measure of endothelial dysfunction in pediatric chronic renal failure Gehan Hussein & Yasser Bughdady & Manal E. Kandil & Hafez M. Bazaraa & Heba Taher
Received: 2 December 2007 / Revised: 3 March 2008 / Accepted: 29 March 2008 / Published online: 10 June 2008 # IPNA 2008
Abstract Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are highly prevalent among patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as the initial reversible step in the development of atherosclerosis and has been demonstrated in all stages of renal failure. Noninvasive techniques to assess endothelial function have been recently developed and have been proven to predict future mortality in adults. We aimed to assess endothelial function in children with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD 4) on conservative treatment, using a-non invasive, high-resolution, ultrasound Doppler study of the brachial artery flow, correlating it with other clinical and laboratory parameters. This study included 34 children with CKD 4 on conservative treatment who were compared with 30 healthy controls. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), nitroglycerinmediated dilatation (NTG-MD) and FMD/NTG-MD ratio were estimated. FMD was abnormal (
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