Droplet-Based Microfluidic Technology for Cell Analysis
The mainstream of microfluidic chip research has transformed from the platform construction and method development to a wide range of applications. As a typical multiphase micro-functional unit, the droplet can be used as an independent microreactor with
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Droplet-Based Microfluidic Technology for Cell Analysis Junming Wang and Jin-Ming Lin
Abstract The mainstream of microfluidic chip research has transformed from the platform construction and method development to a wide range of applications. As a typical multiphase micro-functional unit, the droplet can be used as an independent microreactor with a volume ranging from pL to nL and formation rate up to thousands of droplets per second. It has the advantages of restricted diffusion, accelerated mixing, high heat transfer, effective mass transfer and so on. Droplet-based microfluidic technology has been emerged as a powerful tool to carry out high throughput screening and droplet manipulation research. Thus cell analysis, especially single cell analysis, and cell manipulation in droplets are easy and effective to be implemented with the assistance of a series of analytical methods. In this Chapter, we have briefly introduced an overview of droplet generation and corresponding principle by microfluidic chip. Besides, some usual methods coupled with droplet analysis have also been presented such as fluorescence analysis, mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis and others. Then we have mainly discussed the progress of droplets in cell analysis of recent decades. Finally, a summary and possible predication of droplet-based microfluidic chip are made at the end of this chapter. Keywords Microfluidics
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Droplet Single cell analysis Cell manipulation
Introduction
The microfluidic technology, also known as Lab Chip, or Micro-Total-Analysis Systems (lTAS), has developed rapidly in last decades and became core tools of research in a broad range of fields, such as biology, medicine, pharmacy, tissue engineering, material science and so on [1–3]. Especially in cell biological studies, J. Wang J.-M. Lin (&) Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 J.-M. Lin (ed.), Cell Analysis on Microfluidics, Integrated Analytical Systems, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5394-8_7
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microfluidic technology can revolutionize and replace the traditional methods of utilizing multi-well plates and microscopy slides for the observation and analysis of cell cultures in vitro. The main reasons of such dramatical superiority are from giant advantages of microfluidic technology in cell research [4–7], including: (1) the sizes of microfluidic channels are usually range from 10 to 100 lm, which is almost commensurate with cell size and shape, making it benefit for the accurate manipulation and analysis; (2) the multidimensional mesh structure of microfluidic chips has formed sealed micro-environment, similar with cellular environment in vivo; (3) the requirement of cells and other reagents can be significantly reduced as the tiny space in microfluidic chips, thus saving much costs and sample consumption; (4) microfluidic chip can integrate diverse technologies and laborious research
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