Microfluidics and Microfabrication
Microfluidics and Microfabrication discusses the interconnect between microfluidics, microfabrication and the life sciences. Specifically, this includes fundamental aspects of fluid mechanics in micro-scale and nano-scale confinements and microfabrication
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Microfluidics and Microfabrication
Microfluidics and Microfabrication
Suman Chakraborty Editor
Microfluidics and Microfabrication
123
Editor Suman Chakraborty Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur-721302 India [email protected]; [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-1542-9 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1543-6 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1543-6 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009941404 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Conversion of the naturally available materials and minerals into useful products has been one of the major contributing factors towards the progress of human civilization. A substantial proportion of all engineering and scientific activities are, in fact, devoted to this endeavor and from the dawn of civilization many processes and technologies have been developed with this objective. Characteristically, most such traditional manufacturing processes are based upon a ‘top down’ approach in which a piece of material is worked upon to produce the required shape, size, feature and finish. As and when engineers and scientists face a challenging task because of the unfavorable material properties, extreme level of precision and finish required or a high level of miniaturization, new and novel approaches and processes are developed. Of late miniaturization has assumed an extremely important place in engineering activities because of the revolution in micro electronics and emergence of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). With the turn of the century another major development has started taking place – integration of life science with engineering. As the complexity of the new emerging systems and devices is reaching unbelievably high levels, engineers have started following the principles of life science in artificially created systems and devices. This has become possible because of the tremendous progress made in material science, manufacturing techniques and life sciences. A major deviation in fabrication techniques has been from the age old ‘top down’ approach to the recently conceived ‘bottom up’ approach that is essential for achieving extreme degree of complexity and min
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