Dual-emission ratio fluorescent probes based on carbon dots and gold nanoclusters for visual and fluorescent detection o
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Dual-emission ratio fluorescent probes based on carbon dots and gold nanoclusters for visual and fluorescent detection of copper ions Bo Peng 1 & Mimi Fan 1 & Jiamei Xu 1 & Yang Guo 1 & Yongjun Ma 1 & Min Zhou 1 & Jialei Bai 2 & Jingfeng Wang 2 & Yanjun Fang 2 Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Blue carbon dots (BCDs) and red gold nanoclusters modified by bovine serum albumin (BSA-Au NCs) were selected as luminescent nanomaterials, and the nanohybrid materials were successfully prepared and applied to the fluorescent measurement of copper ions. The prepared ratio fluorescent probe has two emission peaks near 452 and 654 nm under an excitation of 330 nm. The fluorescence intensity was gradually quenched because Au NCs was aggregated in the presence of Cu2+, resulting in a gradation of the fluorescent color from red to pink to purple to blue for visual detection. BCDs have almost the same fluorescence intensity due to their light stability and chemical inertness to Cu2+ and serve as a background reference in the sensing system. Under the optimal condition, the detection limit (LOD) is 16 nM, the linear range is 0.05–1.85 μM, and the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.9987 for copper determination. Compared with other single probes, the ratio fluorescent probe in the current study has good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and is easy to synthesize. The nanoprobe provides a high-quality and sensitive visible light platform for monitoring copper ions. Keywords Carbon dots . Gold nanocluster . Ratio fluorescent probe . Copper determination . Fluorescence detection
Introduction As one of the essential trace elements of human body, copper plays a vital role in both living creature and the environment [1]. Nevertheless, abnormal copper content is also harmful to
Bo Peng and Yanjun Fang contributed equally to this work. * Bo Peng [email protected] * Yanjun Fang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, People’s Republic of China
animals and plants. The balance of cellular processes can be broken by excessive copper ions, leading to a series of diseases such as nephrosis, eczema, and nervous system damage [2]. On the other hand, the unreasonable discharge of coppercontaining wastewater makes the detection of Cu2+ in environmental water samples particularly important [3]. Traditional methods for copper detection includes potentiometry and voltammetry [4], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [5], atomic absorption spectroscopy [6], and atomic emission spectroscopy [7]. These methods can efficie
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