Sensitive and on-site detection of glyphosate based on papain-stabilized fluorescent gold nanoclusters

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RESEARCH PAPER

Sensitive and on-site detection of glyphosate based on papain-stabilized fluorescent gold nanoclusters Chengyi Hong 1,2 & Sishi Ye 1 & Chenying Dai 1 & Chenyue Wu 1 & Lingling Chen 1 & Zhiyong Huang 1 Received: 30 June 2020 / Revised: 6 September 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Organophosphorus pesticides can prevent or eliminate various pathogenic bacteria, insects, and weeds, and thus they are widely applied in agricultural production. However, illegal use and issues with organophosphorus pesticide residues contribute to global environmental pollution and pose a threat to public health safety. In this study, we developed a sensitive glyphosate (Glyp) fluorescence detection method using papain-stabilized gold nanoclusters (papain-AuNCs) as the fluorescence probe and a tyrosinase (TYR)/dopamine (DA) fluorescence-quenching system. The TYR catalyzed the oxidized conversion of DA into DA chrome, which served as an electron acceptor to quench the fluorescence of papain-AuNCs. However, Glyp inhibited the activity of TYR, thereby preventing DA oxidization and leading to the fluorescence recovery of papain-AuNCs. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensities of papain-AuNCs exhibited a good linear relationship with the concentration of Glyp in the range of 0.04–0.4 ng·mL−1, and the limit of detection for Glyp was 0.035 ng·mL−1. Furthermore, a paper-based sensor was constructed using the proposed system, which enabled on-site visual and semiquantitative detection of Glyp residues in tapwater samples. Overall, our strategy provides new opportunities for detection of organophosphorus pesticides and evaluation of environmental security. Keywords Papain . Gold nanoclusters . Glyphosate . Fluorescence detection . Test strip

Introduction Glyphosate (Glyp) is an organophosphorus pesticide with advantages of high efficacy, wide spectrum, and low cost, and has become one of the most widely used herbicides in the world [1]. Despite its low toxicity and small amounts of residues, its extensive use has produced residues in surface waters in many countries [2]. Moreover, the International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization considers Glyp a “probable human carcinogen” Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02952-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chengyi Hong [email protected] 1

College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China

2

College of Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China

[3]. The intake of Glyp is toxic to human immune and endocrine systems. Therefore, detection of Glyp in the environment is vital and attracts considerable research interest. Common traditional methods of Glyp detection include liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry [4]