Dual-emissive carbon dots for dual-channel ratiometric fluorometric determination of pH and mercury ion and intracellula
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Dual-emissive carbon dots for dual-channel ratiometric fluorometric determination of pH and mercury ion and intracellular imaging Ruiqing Long 1 & Cui Tang 2 & Te Li 1 & Xia Tong 1 & Chaoying Tong 1 & Ying Guo 2 & Qingping Gao 3 & Lihui Wu 1 & Shuyun Shi 1 Received: 3 February 2020 / Accepted: 19 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Dual-emissive carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated for dual-channel ratiometric fluorometric determination of pH and mercury ion (Hg2+) and intracellular imaging. Dual-emissive CDs were synthesized by one-pot solvothermal treatment of cabbage. The CDs exhibited two distinctive fluorescence emissions at 500 and 678 nm under single excitation at 410 nm. The green emission (500 nm) had reversible linear response to pH (7.0–12.0) due to deprotonation and protonation of surface functional groups and their non-covalent interactions. On the other hand, the red emission (678 nm) had efficient and selective fluorescence response to Hg2+ by formation of non-emission complex between CDs and Hg2+. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for Hg2+ were 6.25 and 20.63 nM, respectively. The CDs have been successfully applied for label-free ratiometric fluorometric determination of pH and Hg2+ in fish and human serum samples with good recoveries (92.0–108.3%). In addition, the CDs had excellent photostability, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility for intracellular imaging. All in all, the system was multi-functional in determination, high in sensitivity, and excellent in selectivity, which demonstrated wide and promising applicability for biosensing and bioimaging in the future. Keywords Carbon dots . Fluorometric nanoprobe . Ratiometric determination . Dual-channel response . pH-determination . Mercury ion . Intracellular imaging
Introduction Fluorescence (FL)-based methods for both analytical sensing and optical bioimaging have attracted much attention because they are simple and have rapid response, versatile adaptation, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04287-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ying Guo [email protected] * Shuyun Shi [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
3
Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People’s Republic of China
high sensitivity, and non-destructive determination [1–5]. The detection accuracy of single-emission sensors is easily affected by the surrounding environments; thus, the ratiometric FL sensor is proposed [6–9]. Xu et al. fabricated nanohybrid ratiometric FL probe comprising carbon dots (CDs) and CdTe q
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